MODULE 1

Question 1

When did nursing theory became a major theme?

Answer 1

last half of 20th century

Question 2

nursing was ____before it became a profession.

Answer 2

Vocational

Question 3

the history of professional nursing began with ____

Answer 3

Florence Nightingale

Question 4

She had a much significance in nursing during the Crimean War.

Answer 4

Florence Nightingale

Question 5

Florence Nightingale was proactive in keeping the _____ safe during the war

Answer 5

environment

Question 6

Florence Nightingale established _____ in London

Answer 6

school of nursing at St. Thomas’ Hospital

Question 7

Nightingale’s vision and establishment of nursing school marked the birth of ____

Answer 7

modern nursing

Question 8

When did Nightingale recognized the unique focus of nursing

Answer 8

during mid 1800s

Question 9

during the mid 1800s, nightingale declared that ____?

Answer 9

recognized the unique focus of nursing and declared nursing knowledge as distinct from medical knowledge

Question 10

during the _____, nursing profession leaders began serious discussion of the need to develop nursing knowledge apart from medical knowledge to guide nursing practice

Answer 10

1950s

Question 11

this model defines the principles and traditions handed down by Nightingale and science being integrated to nursing and it becoming systematic

Answer 11

apprenticeship model

Question 12

how did nursing became scientific and systematic?

Answer 12

apprenticeship model - the integration of Nightingale’s principles and science to nursing

Question 13

how do nurses establish scientific base for the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations?

Answer 13

clinical and basic nursing research

Question 14

this is the era before curriculum era started

Answer 14

practice era

Question 15

this era answers the question, “how do these frameworks guide research and practice?”

Answer 15

theory era

Question 16

when did theory era happen?

Answer 16

1980s-1990s

Question 17

what is the goal of theory era?

Answer 17

theories guide nursing research and practice

Question 18

what is the outcome of theory era?

Answer 18

nursing theoretical frameworks shift focus to patient care

Question 19

this era focuses on what courses nursing students should take

Answer 19

curriculum era

Question 20

what is the goal of curriculum era?

Answer 20

arriving at a standardized curriculum, develop specialized knowledge, higher education

Question 21

when did curriculum era happen?

Answer 21

1900s-1940s

Question 22

when did diploma programs began closing?

Answer 22

second half of 20th century

Question 23

this era answers the question, “what knowledge is needed for the practice of nursing?”

Answer 23

graduation education era

Question 24

when did research era happen?

Answer 24

1950s-1970s

Question 25

this era's outcome was nurses to have an important role in health care

Answer 25

graduation education era

Question 26

this era answers the questions, "what new theories are needed to produce evidence for quality care?"

Answer 26

theory utilization era

Question 27

who proposed the nursing metaparadigm?

Answer 27

Fawcett

Question 28

what are the 4 metaparadigms?

Answer 28

person, environment, health, nursing concepts

Question 29

what is the significance of paradigms within metaparadigms in nursing?

Answer 29

it systematically united nursing theoretical works for the discipline

Question 30

discipline and profession are the same. true or false?

Answer 30

false

Question 31

this refers to a branch of education; higher level of education and practice

Answer 31

discipline

Question 32

nursing as an academic discipline depends on the existence of _____

Answer 32

nursing knowledge

Question 33

this is a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of science; it its the recognition and respect for scholarly contribution

Answer 33

profession

Question 34

these are vital to discipline and profession

Answer 34

theories and research

Question 35

this is a criterion for a profession

Answer 35

application of nursing knowledge

Question 36

study of knowledge

Answer 36

epistemology

Question 37

this is priori reasoning; theory-then-research approach

Answer 37

rationalism

Question 38

reality using 5 senses; research-then-theory approach

Answer 38

empiricism

Question 39

which approach does rationalism use?

Answer 39

deductive

Question 40

which approach does empiricism use?

Answer 40

inductive

Question 41

during the first half of 20th century, philosophers focused on ______

Answer 41

analysis of theory structure

Question 42

during the first half of 20th century, scientists focused on ______

Answer 42

empirical research

Question 43

what is positivism?

Answer 43

belief that empirical research and logical analysis were two approaches that would produce scientific knowledge

Question 44

in analysis of theory structure, scientists focused on ______ and use of _____

Answer 44

empirical research and use of computers

Question 45

during this period, positivist position was challenged

Answer 45

late 20th century

Question 46

during the late 20th century, this era of science and theory emphasized that?

Answer 46

science was a process of continously building research rather than a product of findings

Question 47

nurses uses _____ to support the interventions performed in patient care

Answer 47

evidence-based science

Question 48

this is concerned with organizing and formalizing available knowledge

Answer 48

theory

Question 49

a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative systematic view of phenomenon

Answer 49

theory

Question 50

an abstract representation of some phenomenon

Answer 50

theory

Question 51

theory is useful in _____,_____,____,____, nursing practice

Answer 51

description, explaining, predicting, prescribing

Question 52

this is a validation of existing knowledge and discovery of new knowledge

Answer 52

theory

Question 53

what is the first step in theory dev process?

Answer 53

conceptual model to define phenomena

Question 54

what is the second step in theory dev process?

Answer 54

building relationships with linkages between related concepts

Question 55

what is the last step in theory dev process?

Answer 55

theory is built by the development of relationship statements or propositions

Question 56

these are words or phrases used to represent phenomenon; building blocks of theories and ideas

Answer 56

concepts

Question 57

systematic arrangements of concepts within a given category

Answer 57

typologies

Question 58

this concept belong or not belong to a particular classes of phenomena

Answer 58

discrete concept

Question 59

this concept indicates degree or levels

Answer 59

continuous concept

Question 60

these definitions used to define how it will be used within the context of phenomenon (provide measurement)

Answer 60

operational definitions

Question 61

concepts that are interrelated to each other

Answer 61

theoretical framework

Question 62

statements in a theory that propose relationships between and among two concepts

Answer 62

relational statements/system

Question 63

these statements permit analysis

Answer 63

theoretical statements

Question 64

these statements define a certain concept that includes measurements

Answer 64

operational statements

Question 65

these linkages add plausability

Answer 65

linkages of theoretical statements

Question 66

these linkages permit testability

Answer 66

linkages of operational statements

Question 67

eliminates overlap (tautology)

Answer 67

primitive and derived terms

Question 68

eliminates inconsistency

Answer 68

premises and derived hypothesis and equations