Module 1 Flashcards
Classify the bonds within each substance as HYDROGEN, POLAR COVALENT, NONPOLAR COVALENT, or IONIC bonds.
MgCI2, H20, CH4, H2, 2 water molecules, NaCI, 2 strands of DNA.
HYDROGEN BONDS:
-2 water molecules
-2 strands of DNA
POLAR COVALENT BONDS:
-H20
NONPOLAR COVALENT:
-H2
-CH4
IONIC BONDS:
-NaCI
-MgCI2
classify each of the following scenarios based on which attribute of water is responsible:
-plants absorb water from roots & transport to rest of the plant.
-blood fills narrow tubular vessels w/in the cardiovascular system.
-ocean doesn’t freeze solid in winter bc ice layers act to insulate the water below.
-body of water tends to hold onto its heat such that water temp. drops slowly.
-liquid portions of our blood is 90% water & transports vital dissolved substances.
-aquatic organisms are insulated by upper layers of ice during cold winters.
-when we sweat, it cools our bodies.
-most organisms are able to maintain constant body temp, even in colder weather.
ATTRIBUTES:
-water molecules are cohesive & adhesive
-water has high heat of evaporation
-frozen waters less dense than liquid water
-water has high heat capacity
-water is a good solvent
ATTRIBUTES:
-water molecules are cohesive & adhesive-
>plants absorb water from roots & transport to rest of the plant.
>blood fills narrow tubular vessels w/in the cardiovascular system.
-water has high heat of evaporation
>when we sweat, it cools our bodies.
-frozen waters less dense than liquid water
>aquatic organisms are insulated by upper layers of ice during cold winters.
>ocean doesn’t freeze solid in winter bc ice layers act to insulate the water below.
-water has high heat capacity
>most organisms are able to maintain constant body temp, even in colder weather.
>body of water tends to hold onto its heat such that water temp. drops slowly.
-water is a good solvent
>liquid portions of our blood is 90% water & transports vital dissolved substances.
classify the following as descriptive of either ACIDS, BASES, or BOTH.
CHARACTERISTICS:
-found in foods like lemon juice, vinegar, coffee.
-commonly associated w/ milk of magnesia or bicarbonate soda, which decrease stomach acid.
-disassociate in water
-HCI is an example of a “strong” one
-take up H+
-strength measured by pH scale
-increase H+
-Increase OH-
-NaOH is an example of a “strong” one.
ACIDS:
-found in foods like lemon juice, vinegar, coffee.
-increase H+
-Increase OH-
-HCI is an example of a “strong” one
BASES:
-commonly associated w/ milk of magnesia or bicarbonate soda, which decrease stomach acid.
-take up H+
-NaOH is an example of a “strong” one.
BOTH:
-strength measured by pH scale
-disassociate in water
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used _________.
to transfer short-term chemical energy for cellular work
Match the following chemistry terms with their definitions.
CHEMISTRY TERMS:
element, atom, proton, neutron, electron, isotopes
DEFINITIONS:
A. smallest piece of element which retains chemical properties of that element.
B. sub-atomic particle found in the atomic nucleus, mass of 1 & charge of 0.
C. Sub-atomic particle found in atomic nucleus, mass of 1 charge of +1
D. substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
E. Sub-atomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus, mass of ~0 and charge of -1
F. Atoms of the same element which differ in the # of neutrons found in the atomic nucleus.
ATOM
A. smallest piece of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
NEUTRON
B. sub-atomic particle found in the atomic nucleus, mass of 1 & charge of 0.
PROTON
C. Sub-atomic particle found in atomic nucleus, mass of 1 charge of +1
ELEMENT
D. substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
ELECTRON
E. Sub-atomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus, mass of ~0 and charge of -1
ISOTOPES
F. Atoms of the same element which differ in the # of neutrons found in the atomic nucleus.
water is a(n):
polar molecule
the “double helix” shape of the DNA molecule is best described as a _____
twisted ladder.
the 3 domains of life are:
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
_____ has special properties, which include stabilization of temperature, cohesion/adhesion, serving as a solvent, and floating in its solid form.
water
Almost all biochemical reactions are catalyzed by ________.
enzymes
A community of organisms together with its non-living environment is called a(n)
ecosystem
Buffers are compounds that _______.
stabilize pH
A(n) ______________ is any inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
adaptation
The four major types of biological molecules are __________.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists are the
Kingdoms of Eukaryotes
