Module 1 Flashcards
Classify the bonds within each substance as HYDROGEN, POLAR COVALENT, NONPOLAR COVALENT, or IONIC bonds.
MgCI2, H20, CH4, H2, 2 water molecules, NaCI, 2 strands of DNA.
HYDROGEN BONDS:
-2 water molecules
-2 strands of DNA
POLAR COVALENT BONDS:
-H20
NONPOLAR COVALENT:
-H2
-CH4
IONIC BONDS:
-NaCI
-MgCI2
classify each of the following scenarios based on which attribute of water is responsible:
-plants absorb water from roots & transport to rest of the plant.
-blood fills narrow tubular vessels w/in the cardiovascular system.
-ocean doesn’t freeze solid in winter bc ice layers act to insulate the water below.
-body of water tends to hold onto its heat such that water temp. drops slowly.
-liquid portions of our blood is 90% water & transports vital dissolved substances.
-aquatic organisms are insulated by upper layers of ice during cold winters.
-when we sweat, it cools our bodies.
-most organisms are able to maintain constant body temp, even in colder weather.
ATTRIBUTES:
-water molecules are cohesive & adhesive
-water has high heat of evaporation
-frozen waters less dense than liquid water
-water has high heat capacity
-water is a good solvent
ATTRIBUTES:
-water molecules are cohesive & adhesive-
>plants absorb water from roots & transport to rest of the plant.
>blood fills narrow tubular vessels w/in the cardiovascular system.
-water has high heat of evaporation
>when we sweat, it cools our bodies.
-frozen waters less dense than liquid water
>aquatic organisms are insulated by upper layers of ice during cold winters.
>ocean doesn’t freeze solid in winter bc ice layers act to insulate the water below.
-water has high heat capacity
>most organisms are able to maintain constant body temp, even in colder weather.
>body of water tends to hold onto its heat such that water temp. drops slowly.
-water is a good solvent
>liquid portions of our blood is 90% water & transports vital dissolved substances.
classify the following as descriptive of either ACIDS, BASES, or BOTH.
CHARACTERISTICS:
-found in foods like lemon juice, vinegar, coffee.
-commonly associated w/ milk of magnesia or bicarbonate soda, which decrease stomach acid.
-disassociate in water
-HCI is an example of a “strong” one
-take up H+
-strength measured by pH scale
-increase H+
-Increase OH-
-NaOH is an example of a “strong” one.
ACIDS:
-found in foods like lemon juice, vinegar, coffee.
-increase H+
-Increase OH-
-HCI is an example of a “strong” one
BASES:
-commonly associated w/ milk of magnesia or bicarbonate soda, which decrease stomach acid.
-take up H+
-NaOH is an example of a “strong” one.
BOTH:
-strength measured by pH scale
-disassociate in water
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used _________.
to transfer short-term chemical energy for cellular work
Match the following chemistry terms with their definitions.
CHEMISTRY TERMS:
element, atom, proton, neutron, electron, isotopes
DEFINITIONS:
A. smallest piece of element which retains chemical properties of that element.
B. sub-atomic particle found in the atomic nucleus, mass of 1 & charge of 0.
C. Sub-atomic particle found in atomic nucleus, mass of 1 charge of +1
D. substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
E. Sub-atomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus, mass of ~0 and charge of -1
F. Atoms of the same element which differ in the # of neutrons found in the atomic nucleus.
ATOM
A. smallest piece of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.
NEUTRON
B. sub-atomic particle found in the atomic nucleus, mass of 1 & charge of 0.
PROTON
C. Sub-atomic particle found in atomic nucleus, mass of 1 charge of +1
ELEMENT
D. substance that cannot be broken down into other substances
ELECTRON
E. Sub-atomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus, mass of ~0 and charge of -1
ISOTOPES
F. Atoms of the same element which differ in the # of neutrons found in the atomic nucleus.
water is a(n):
polar molecule
the “double helix” shape of the DNA molecule is best described as a _____
twisted ladder.
the 3 domains of life are:
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
_____ has special properties, which include stabilization of temperature, cohesion/adhesion, serving as a solvent, and floating in its solid form.
water
Almost all biochemical reactions are catalyzed by ________.
enzymes
A community of organisms together with its non-living environment is called a(n)
ecosystem
Buffers are compounds that _______.
stabilize pH
A(n) ______________ is any inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
adaptation
The four major types of biological molecules are __________.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists are the
Kingdoms of Eukaryotes
Multicellular life is found
Only in the Eukarya
Place the following items in order to describe the process of natural selection.
POLYMERS:
polysaccharide, triglyceride, protein, DNA & RNA
MONOMERS:
monosaccharides, fatty acids & glycerol, amino acids, nucleotides
Polysaccharide - Monosaccharides
Triglyceride - Fatty acids and glycerol
Protein - Amino acids
DNA and RNA - Nucleotides
