Module 1 Flashcards
Consists of data input,
storage, processing, and output devices, under
the control of a CPU.
Microprocessor System
What is the main unit of a desktop PC that consists of the motherboard, powers supply, and disk drives.
Modular System
A central processing unit (CPU) that is built on a single integrated circuit (IC).
Microprocessor
A small and powerful computer chip that contains the basic elements of a digital computer, including ALUs, registers and control units.
Microprocessor
Are the “brain” of a computer system, and they are responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.
Microprocessors
They are found in a wide range of electronic devices.
Microprocessors
When was the first microprocessor, Intel 4004 introduced?
1971
Types of Microprocessors
These processors have a alrge set of instructions that can perform complex operations in a single instruction.
Examples include Intel’s x86 family and Motorola’s 68000 series.
CISC (Complex Intruction Set Computing)
Types of Microprocessors
These processors have a simplified intstruction set that requires fewer clock cycles to execute, making them faster and more efficient.
Examples include ARM, MIPS, and PowerPC processors.
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing)
Types of Microprocessors
These processors are optimized for processing digital signals, such as audio and video.
DSP (Digital Signal Processor)
They are commonly used in smartphones, media players, and other multimedia devices.
These processors are designed for use in embedded systems, such as automotive systems, industrial controllers, and home appliances.
Embedded microprocessors
They are optimized for low power consumption and have a small form factor.
These processors are specialized for graphics rendering and parallel processing.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
They are commonly used in gaming consoles, workstations, and scientific computing applications.
These processors are reconfigurable, meaning they can be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks.
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
They are commonly used in prototyping, testing, and low-colume production applciations.
The primary component of a computer system that is responsible for performing most of the processing tasks.
Often referred to as the “brain” of the computer
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
3 Main components of the CPU
Performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and divisionm and logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
3 Main components of the CPU
Coordinates the operation of the CPU by fetching instructions from memory, decoding them ,and executing them.
Control Unit (CU)
3 Main components of the CPU
Small, high-speed memory units that hold data and instructions that are currently being processed by the CPU.
Registers
What is the speed and performance of a CPU measured by?
Clock speed
A small computer on a signle integrated circuit that is designed to control specific devices or perform dedicated functions.
Microcontroller
Commonly used in embedded systems, which are electronic systems that perform specific tasks or functions.
Microcontrollers
Examples of microtrollers
An open-source microcontroller platform that is wide;u used for protoyping and DIY projects
Arduino
Examples of microtrollers
A popoular series of microcontrollers developed by Microchip Technology
PIC (Programmable Interface Controller)
Examples of microtrollers
A series of microcontrollers deveoped by STMicroelectronics
STM32
Examples of microtrollers
Not strictly a microcontroller, is a popular single-board computer that can also be used for embedded systems and IoT (Internet of Things) projects
Raspberry Pi
Examples of microtrollers
A family of microcontrollers developed by Atmel Corporation, which is now part of Microchip Technology
Atmel AVR
Examples of microtrollers
A low-power microcontroller developed by Texas Instruments.
Is often used in battery-powered devices.
MSP430
Widely used in various embedded systems application, particularly popular in the Arduino platform.
Atmega
An electronic/electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function using a combination of both hardware and firmware (software)
Embedded System
A device that is designed to perform a swide range of tasks and operations. It is not limited to a specific application or task. Can be programmed to perform differemt fumctopms as needed.
General-purpose computer
