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Purposive Communication prelim exam > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Latin word of communication

A

Communicare

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2
Q

A common understanding of something

A

Chase and Shamo (2013)

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3
Q

Said that communication as the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through human symbolic interaction

A

Seiler and Beall (1999)

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4
Q

Said that communication is a systematic process in which individual interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings

A

Woods (2004)

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5
Q

said that communication pertained to a process which is always changing

A

Devito

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6
Q

State the process of communication

A
  1. Source
  2. Message
  3. Encoding
  4. Channel
  5. Decoding
  6. Receiver
  7. Feedback
  8. Context
  9. Noise
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7
Q

Failure to transmit the idea from the sender to the receiver

A

Miscommunication

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8
Q

Interferes the communication

A

Communication barriers

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9
Q

Who used the concept of noise to describe physical and psychological failures that can disrupt communication

A

Adler and Towne

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10
Q

Anything that distorts the message

A

Noise

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11
Q

Three types of noise

A
  1. Physical
  2. Psychological
  3. Semantic
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12
Q

The sender of the message.

A

Source

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13
Q

This is the information that you wanted to convey; without it, you have no reason for communicating.

A

Message

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14
Q

This is the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver.

A

Encoding

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15
Q

This is the manner in which the message or information is
conveyed

A

Channel

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16
Q

This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the sender.

A

Decoding

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17
Q

This is the person who will get your message.

A

Receiver

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18
Q

This is the receiver’s response to the message.

A

Feedback

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19
Q

This refers to the situation in which the communication takes

A

Context

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20
Q

It refers to the distractions in the environment that make it difficult to hear or pay attention. For example, cars screeching, air conditioners humming and loud music. physical noise can inhibit communication at any point in the process—in the sender, in the message, in the channel, or in the receiver.

A

Physical Noise

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21
Q

It pertains to mechanisms within
individuals that restrict a sender’s or receiver’s ability to express and/or
understand messages clearly. It also includes biases and prejudices that lead to
distortions in receiving and processing information. Close mindedness is an
example of this noise.

A

Psychological Noise

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22
Q

According to DeVito, it is “the interference due to the receiver failing to grasp the meanings intended by the sender.”

A
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23
Q

What are the faces of communication

A

Face 1: Mode
Face 2: Context
Face 3: Purpose and Style

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24
Q

What are the four types of modes of communication

A
  1. Verbal and non-verbal
  2. Body language and expression
  3. Digital Communication
  4. Visual Communication
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25
Emoticon, emoji, and graphics interchange are example of
Digital Communication
26
Sign, symbols, maps, imagery, graphs, chart, diagram, pictograms, photos, drawing, and illustration are example of
Visual Communication
27
The classification of communication according to context is based entirely on the composite of people with the shared goal of understanding one another.
Context: The People
28
The Latin prefix meaning within and inside, is the core of this concept. It suggests that there is only one person in this type of communication.
Intrapersonal
29
The Latin prefix meaning between, among, and together, completes the concept of communication between and among interlocutors.
Interpersonal
30
In Interpersonal, what is ryadic?
Two people
31
In interpersonal, what is Small Group?
Three or more people
32
This focuses on the role of communication in any organizational context.
Organizational Communication
33
"Bottom-up" from the lower to the upper positions
Upward
34
"Top-down" from the superior to the subordinate
Downward
35
From people in the same level but in different departments
Horizontal
36
People from different levels but in different levels
Crosswise
37
Gossip, "chismis", rumors
Grapevine
38
In this kind of communication, respect for linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional differences is foregrounded.
Intercultural Communication
39
It is necessary in formal situations like lectures, public talk, research and project proposals, business reports etc.
Formal Communication
40
Takes place during personal and ordinary conversations with family, friends, and acquaintances.
Informal Communication
41
It is widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a more simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc.
Model of communication
42
Mainly focused on speaker and speech. It has 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect (3 on other references namely Speaker, Speech and Audience).
Aristotle's model of communication
43
Focuses around the speaker as the main concept of this theory is that the speaker plays the most important role in communication and it is the only one who holds the responsibility to influence his/her audience through public speaking.
Aristotle's model of communication
44
Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication
1. There is no notion of feedback as the model is one way from speaker to audience. 2. There is no notion of communication failure such as noise and barriers. 3. This model can only be used mostly in public speaking.
45
SMCR model.
BERLO’s Model of Communication
46
It is the body of a message, from the beginning to the end.
Content
47
Includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc.
Element
48
Refers to the packing of the message and the way in which the message is conveyed or the way in which it is passed on or delivered
Treatment
49
Refers to how it is arranged; the way people structure the message into various parts.
Structure
50
Refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form. It could be, for example, language, body language, gestures, music, etc.
Code
51
It refers to the five senses. 1. Hearing 2. Seeing 3. Touching 4. Smelling 5. Tasting
Channel
52
What are the five senses?
1. Hearing 2. Seeing 3. Touching 4. Smelling 5. Tasting
53
needs to think all the contents and elements of the source, so as to communicate/responds to sender effectively.
Receiver
54
Criticism Berlo’s SMCR model of communication
1. There is a lack of feedback. The effects are practically unknown. 2. It does not mention the barriers to communication. 3. There is no room for noise. 4. It is a rather complex model. 5. It is a linear model of communication. 6. It requires people to be on the same level for effective communication to happen. However, that rarely happens in everyday life. 7. The main drawback of the model is that it omits the usage of sixth sense as a channel of communication, which is an asset to human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc.)
55
This model is designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver. Also, they find factors which affect the communication process called “Noise”.
SHANNON-WEAVER’s Model of Communication
56
Criticism of Shannon-Weaver's model of communication
1. One of the simplest models and it is generally applied in various communication theories. 2. The model attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist. 3. It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience. 4. The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive). 5. Communication is not a one way process. If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength. 6. Understanding Noise will help solve the various problems in communication.
57
It is a Circular Model. This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way.
Schramm Model of Communication
58
Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication
1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change 2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part 3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person 4. Assume communication to be circular in nature 5. Feedback – central feature.
59
Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication
This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.
60
communication model called Dance’s Helix Model for a better communication process.
Helical Model of Communication
61
The name helical comes from _____ which means an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.
Helix
62
Who proposed dance's model?
Frank Dance
63
Communication as a dynamic and non-linear process
Helical Model of Communication
64
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1. Know your purpose in communicating. 2. Know your audience. 3. Know your topic. 4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation. 5. Work on the feedback given to you.
65
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear with your purpose. 2. Be complete with the message you deliver. 3. Be concise 4. Be natural with your delivery 5. Be specific and timely with your feedback
66
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear. 2. Be concise. 3. Be concrete. 4. Be correct. 5. Be coherent. 6. Be complete. 7. Be courteous.
67
KEY PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION (King, 2000)
1. Inescapable 2. Irreversible 3. Complicated
68
Humans communicate even the very attempt of not wanting to communicate communicates something.
Inescapable
69
Once uttered, you can never take it back and its effect remains.
Irreversible
70
A world does not have just one meaning, it is not used in the same way, and no two people use the same word alike.
Complicated
71
Communication does not happen in isolation
Contextual
72
Factors of contextual
1. Psychological 2. Relational 3. Situational 4. Environmental 5. Cultural
73
who you are: needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality
Psychological
74
reactions based on relationship: boss, colleague, friend
Relational
75
psycho-social “where” you are communicating
Situational
76
physical setting “where” you are communicating
Environmental
77
learned behaviors and rules
Cultural
78
Our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to follow them
Morals
79
Are rules accepted and approved by society so they are imposed upon everyone.
Ethics
80
Ethics in communication
1. MUTUALITY. 2. INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY. 3. ACCURACY. 4. ACCESS TO INFORMATION. 5. ACCOUNTABILITY. 6. AUDIENCE. 7. RELATIVE TRUTH. 8. ENDS vs. MEANS. 9. USE OF POWER. 10. RIGHTS vs. RESPONSIBILITIES
81
Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours.
Mutuality
82
Do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of dignity
Individual dignity
83
Ensure that others have accurate information.
Accuracy
84
Allow communication to commence with one another.
Access to information
85
Be responsible for the consequences of your relationships and communication.
Accountability
86
Both the sender and receiver have 100% responsibility to ensure that message is understood.
Audience
87
Your point of view may not be shared by others.
Relative truth
88
Be sure that the end goal of your communication and the means of getting to that end are both ethical
Ends vs. Means
89
In situations where you have more power than others, you have more responsibility for the outcome.
Use of power
90
Balance your rights against your responsibilities.
Rights vs. Responsibilities
91
Four Ethical Principles
1. Advocate truthfulness 2. Accuracy 3. Honesty 4. Reason as essential to the integrity of communication

Purposive Communication prelim exam (1 decks)

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