Module 1 Flashcards
A machine that is controlled by a computer and is flexible enough to be able to do a variety of tasks.
ROBOT
A ______________ has a waist, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. The ‘hand’ of the robot can be changed or modified to suit the task the robot is programmed to do.
jointed arm robot
. These different ‘hands’ are called______________ and they could be a gripper, suction cup, paint spray or a collar.
end effectors
The word robot was first used more than 99 years ago (__________).
1922
He derived the term “robot” from the Czech word robota, a Czechoslovakian novelist/writer
Karel Capek
robota, which means “______________” or “___________”.
drudgery, compulsory labor
Robota in Czech is a word for
worker or servant
- Robots have been presented in the media since the 1927 movie “_________”
Metropolis
The first programmable robot
UNIMATE
He who coins the term Universal Automation.
George Devol
The name of the first robot company (1962).
Unimation
Robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design support
PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly)
UNIMATE originally automated the manufacture of
TV picture tubes
Karel Čapek’s novel
Rossum’s Universal Robots
intelligent robot
Shakey (SRI)
ROBOT APPLICATIONS
For entertainment
Robots as Toys
Robots in Industry
Robots of the Future
A robot may not injure humanity or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
Law Zero (Zeroth Law)
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
First Law
A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Second Law
Third Law
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
What Can Robots Do
Do jobs that are dangerous for humans.
Do repetitive jobs that are boring, stressful, or labor-intensive for humans.
Do menial tasks that humans don’t want to do.
Advantages Using Robots in Systems:
- Robots increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and consistency of products.
- Robots can work in hazardous environments without the need.
- Robots can be much more accurate than human.
- Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks simultaneously.
Disadvantages Using Robots in Systems:
- Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies.
- Robots, although superior in certain senses, have limited capabilities in degree of freedom, dexterity, sensors, vision system, real time response.
- Robots are costly, due to initial cost of equipment, installation costs, need for peripherals, need for training, need for programming.
Robots fixed in one position. ex. robot arm (Robutus), 3D printers, electronic embroidery systems etc.
Stationary Robot
A robot that moves (on wheels or tracks with a motor). e.g. line tracking mobots, zumobots, eximus, a robot buggy (vehicle) carrying parts around a warehouse, a bomb disposal robot
Mobile Robots
Basic Parts of a Robotic System
- Sensors (INPUTS),
- Processors (CONTROLLERS) and
- Actuators (OUTPUTS)
a track formed by wire buried in the floor. Sensors on the robot detect magnetic field form electricity in the wire so follow the path of the wire.
Magnetic guides
The robot transmits light onto a white line on the floor and detects reflected light with 2 light detectors (sensors). If the robot is centered over the line, then both sensors give an equal signal.
Light Guides
used in places where it is not safe for people to go e.g. bomb disposal
Remote Control
Processors Used in “Intelligent” Robots
a. Microcontrollers
b. Single-board Computers
c. Personal Computer (PC)
d. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs
Common Actuators Used in Robots
a. Motors
b. Cylinders
rectangular; cylindrical; spherical; jointed-arm (vertical); jointed-arm (horizontal)
ARM GEOMETRY
DEGREES OF FREEDOM
robot arm; robot wrist
POWER SOURCES
electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, any combination
TYPE OF MOTION
slew motion/ joint-interpolation/ straight line interpolation/ circular interpolation
