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Dental Materials > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Metal has atoms arranged in ______ or ________ arrangements?

A

regular

crystalline

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2
Q

Metal has a _____ thermal and electrical conductivity?

A

high

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3
Q

What 3 materials make up Porcelain/Ceramic?

A

Kaolin
Feldspar
Quartz

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4
Q

Porcelain is very ______ until it is _______

A

brittle

bonded

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5
Q

Porcelain has a _______ thermal and electrical conductivity?

A

low

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6
Q

Ceramic is termed ______ to mean it is not chemically reactive?

A

inert

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7
Q

A _______ ______ polymer is molded without chemical reaction?

A

thermoplastic
(molded by thermal means)
ex: mouthguard material

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8
Q

Thermosetting is a _____ change that takes place during _______?

A

chemical

molding

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9
Q

Thermoplastic polymers change due to _______ not _______ _______?

A

temperature

chemical reaction

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10
Q

Polymers are made up of?

A

monomers

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11
Q

Monomers are small ______ molecules that can be bound to _____ monomers to form a polymer?

A

organic

similar

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12
Q

Plastic is a type of ______ polymer?

A

synthetic

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13
Q

Rubber is a type of _______ polymer?

A

natural

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14
Q

What is the term for the conversion of monomers to polymers?

A

polymerization

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15
Q

What is a Copolymer?

A

two different monomers put together

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16
Q

What is the term for a network of adjacent polymer chains which make a polymer stronger?

A

Cross-Linking agent

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17
Q

________ is a type of dimethacrylic acid polymer?

A

Composite

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18
Q

Composite restorations are ______ filled?

A

heavily

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19
Q

What is the term for a coupling of two dissimilar metals?

A

galvanic response

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20
Q

The rate at which heat flows through a material is termed _______ ________

A

thermal conductivity

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21
Q

The ability to dissolve in a liquid is termed?

A

solubility

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22
Q

The liquid in which a substance dissolves is called the _____

A

solvent

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23
Q

The uptake of fluids into a solid is termed?

A

Absorption

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24
Q

Absorption can cause restorations or cements to?

A

deteriorate

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25
Q

What is the most common type of molecular response?

A

Secondary

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26
Q

A secondary molecular response is one that has no _______ union but unites by?

A

chemical

physical forces

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27
Q

The primary molecular response takes place due to chemical bonds that are based on _______ ______

A

polyacrylic acid

ie: glass ionomer

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28
Q

The ______ _______ is how well a liquid covers the surface of a solid?

A

wetting angle

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29
Q

A good adhesive has a wetting angle that approaches?

A

zero

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30
Q

We want ______ or a low wetting angle?

A

hydrophillic

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31
Q

A high wetting angle is said to be?

A

hydrophobic

32
Q

What is the end process of fluid and material interactions?

A

disintegration

33
Q

Term for the means of attaching two solids together?

A

Adhesion

34
Q

Adhesion can occur by _________ _______ or sharing of _______

A

mechanical interlocking

electrons

35
Q

Viscosity defined as?

A

resistance of a material to flow

36
Q

We want substances with a ______ viscosity?

A

low

37
Q

What is the term for the ability of a material to change viscosity with pressure?

A

thixotropic

38
Q

What is the force that attracts molecules together?

A

cohesion

39
Q 
Hue = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Value = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Chroma = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

color
brightness of color
vividness of the color

40
Q

An _______ substance absorbs light?

A

opaque (dental material)

41
Q

A _______ substance allows light to pass through?

A

transparent

42
Q

Translucency is defined as?

A

the way light is affected in a substance

43
Q

______ is when colors look different under different lights?

A

metamerism

44
Q

Corrosion = ________ of the surface?

A

pitting

45
Q

_______ is the surface discoloration due to the deterioration of a material?

A

tarnish

46
Q

What 3 things can affect the mechanical properties of a material?

A

Load
Stress
Strain

47
Q

Load on a material can cause _______ damage and _____ change?

A

structural

shape

48
Q

Stress on a material is the amount of _____ applied to a ______ area?

A

force

specific

49
Q

Stress = ____ / ______

A

force

area

50
Q

Strain is an _______ rearrangement of _____ to adjust to ______

A

internal
atoms
stress

51
Q

Strain = ________ / _________

A

deformation

length

52
Q

Ability to resist pulling forces is termed?

A

tensile

53
Q

Ability to resist pushing forces is termed?

A

Compressive

54
Q

Ability to resist tearing forces parallel to each other is termed?

A

Shear

55
Q 
Compression = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Tension = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Shearing = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Torsion = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

dent
stretch
bending
twisting

56
Q

The elastic limit of a material measures?

A

stiffness of material OR the MAX stress without permanent deformation of the material

57
Q

The point just before fracture is termed?

A

ultimate strength

58
Q

The ability to be drawn into a “wire” is termed?

A

ductility

59
Q

A material with low ductility is more ______?

A

brittle

60
Q

The ability to be hammered/rolled thin without fracture/compression is termed?

A

malleability

61
Q

Resilience is the energy necessary to cause _____ ______

A

permanent deformation

62
Q

The ability to resist fracture is termed?

A

toughness

63
Q

Define Creep?

A

gradual permanent change in dimension due to constant loading

64
Q

What is created by repeated application of stress thus causing tiny “cracks” in the material?

A

fatigue

65
Q

What are the 2 ways to measure the harness of a material?

A

Rockwell (RHN) #

Knoop (KHN) #

66
Q

What hardness scale measure the depth of the indent and is mostly used on composite materials?

A

Rockwell

67
Q

The KNOOP hardness scale measures the _____ of the _____?

A

length

diagonal

68
Q

The KNOOP hardness scale is used with what materials?

A

metal and porcelain

69
Q

Mouthguard material is made of _______ resin plastics?

A

semi-rigid

70
Q

Mouthguard material is _____ and is softened upon _____?

A

thermoplastic

softened

71
Q

What are 2 functions of temporary restorations?

A

maintain integrity and function of dentition

protect tooth from oral environment and bitting forces.

72
Q

What type of temporary restorative material gives off heat and can damage the pulp and surrounding tissues?

A

Acrylic Resin

73
Q

What type of resin material is used in dentistry and ALL other aspects of life. IE: molds of toys?

A

synthetic

74
Q

How is an acrylic resin made?

A

adding methacrylic acid and heat to the monomers

75
Q

What is the main type of intermediate restorative material (IRM) that is acidic but helps stimulate secondary dentin formation?

A

ZOE (zinc oxide eugenol)

76
Q

ZOE material can’t be used under _______?

WHY?

A

composites

affects polymerization

77
Q

ZOE is ______ in oral fluids and has poor ______ strength due to being very _____?

A

soluble
compressive
porous

Dental Materials (3 decks)

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