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Dental Materials > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Metal has atoms arranged in ______ or ________ arrangements?

A

regular

crystalline

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2
Q

Metal has a _____ thermal and electrical conductivity?

A

high

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3
Q

What 3 materials make up Porcelain/Ceramic?

A

Kaolin
Feldspar
Quartz

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4
Q

Porcelain is very ______ until it is _______

A

brittle

bonded

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5
Q

Porcelain has a _______ thermal and electrical conductivity?

A

low

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6
Q

Ceramic is termed ______ to mean it is not chemically reactive?

A

inert

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7
Q

A _______ ______ polymer is molded without chemical reaction?

A

thermoplastic
(molded by thermal means)
ex: mouthguard material

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8
Q

Thermosetting is a _____ change that takes place during _______?

A

chemical

molding

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9
Q

Thermoplastic polymers change due to _______ not _______ _______?

A

temperature

chemical reaction

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10
Q

Polymers are made up of?

A

monomers

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11
Q

Monomers are small ______ molecules that can be bound to _____ monomers to form a polymer?

A

organic

similar

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12
Q

Plastic is a type of ______ polymer?

A

synthetic

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13
Q

Rubber is a type of _______ polymer?

A

natural

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14
Q

What is the term for the conversion of monomers to polymers?

A

polymerization

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15
Q

What is a Copolymer?

A

two different monomers put together

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16
Q

What is the term for a network of adjacent polymer chains which make a polymer stronger?

A

Cross-Linking agent

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17
Q

________ is a type of dimethacrylic acid polymer?

A

Composite

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18
Q

Composite restorations are ______ filled?

A

heavily

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19
Q

What is the term for a coupling of two dissimilar metals?

A

galvanic response

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20
Q

The rate at which heat flows through a material is termed _______ ________

A

thermal conductivity

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21
Q

The ability to dissolve in a liquid is termed?

A

solubility

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22
Q

The liquid in which a substance dissolves is called the _____

A

solvent

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23
Q

The uptake of fluids into a solid is termed?

A

Absorption

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24
Q

Absorption can cause restorations or cements to?

A

deteriorate

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25
What is the most common type of molecular response?
Secondary
26
A secondary molecular response is one that has no _______ union but unites by?
chemical | physical forces
27
The primary molecular response takes place due to chemical bonds that are based on _______ ______
polyacrylic acid ie: glass ionomer
28
The ______ _______ is how well a liquid covers the surface of a solid?
wetting angle
29
A good adhesive has a wetting angle that approaches?
zero
30
We want ______ or a low wetting angle?
hydrophillic
31
A high wetting angle is said to be?
hydrophobic
32
What is the end process of fluid and material interactions?
disintegration
33
Term for the means of attaching two solids together?
Adhesion
34
Adhesion can occur by _________ _______ or sharing of _______
mechanical interlocking | electrons
35
Viscosity defined as?
resistance of a material to flow
36
We want substances with a ______ viscosity?
low
37
What is the term for the ability of a material to change viscosity with pressure?
thixotropic
38
What is the force that attracts molecules together?
cohesion
39
``` Hue = ___________ Value = ____________ Chroma = ______________ ```
color brightness of color vividness of the color
40
An _______ substance absorbs light?
opaque (dental material)
41
A _______ substance allows light to pass through?
transparent
42
Translucency is defined as?
the way light is affected in a substance
43
______ is when colors look different under different lights?
metamerism
44
Corrosion = ________ of the surface?
pitting
45
_______ is the surface discoloration due to the deterioration of a material?
tarnish
46
What 3 things can affect the mechanical properties of a material?
Load Stress Strain
47
Load on a material can cause _______ damage and _____ change?
structural | shape
48
Stress on a material is the amount of _____ applied to a ______ area?
force | specific
49
Stress = ____ / ______
force | area
50
Strain is an _______ rearrangement of _____ to adjust to ______
internal atoms stress
51
Strain = ________ / _________
deformation | length
52
Ability to resist pulling forces is termed?
tensile
53
Ability to resist pushing forces is termed?
Compressive
54
Ability to resist tearing forces parallel to each other is termed?
Shear
55
``` Compression = _______ Tension = __________ Shearing = ________ Torsion = ________ ```
dent stretch bending twisting
56
The elastic limit of a material measures?
stiffness of material OR the MAX stress without permanent deformation of the material
57
The point just before fracture is termed?
ultimate strength
58
The ability to be drawn into a "wire" is termed?
ductility
59
A material with low ductility is more ______?
brittle
60
The ability to be hammered/rolled thin without fracture/compression is termed?
malleability
61
Resilience is the energy necessary to cause _____ ______
permanent deformation
62
The ability to resist fracture is termed?
toughness
63
Define Creep?
gradual permanent change in dimension due to constant loading
64
What is created by repeated application of stress thus causing tiny "cracks" in the material?
fatigue
65
What are the 2 ways to measure the harness of a material?
Rockwell (RHN) # | Knoop (KHN) #
66
What hardness scale measure the depth of the indent and is mostly used on composite materials?
Rockwell
67
The KNOOP hardness scale measures the _____ of the _____?
length | diagonal
68
The KNOOP hardness scale is used with what materials?
metal and porcelain
69
Mouthguard material is made of _______ resin plastics?
semi-rigid
70
Mouthguard material is _____ and is softened upon _____?
thermoplastic | softened
71
What are 2 functions of temporary restorations?
maintain integrity and function of dentition | protect tooth from oral environment and bitting forces.
72
What type of temporary restorative material gives off heat and can damage the pulp and surrounding tissues?
Acrylic Resin
73
What type of resin material is used in dentistry and ALL other aspects of life. IE: molds of toys?
synthetic
74
How is an acrylic resin made?
adding methacrylic acid and heat to the monomers
75
What is the main type of intermediate restorative material (IRM) that is acidic but helps stimulate secondary dentin formation?
ZOE (zinc oxide eugenol)
76
ZOE material can't be used under _______? | WHY?
composites | affects polymerization
77
ZOE is ______ in oral fluids and has poor ______ strength due to being very _____?
soluble compressive porous

Dental Materials (3 decks)

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