Module 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is evidence that viruses are not living things?
Viruses are not made from cells.
You can use your hand to hold a pencil and write your name, but you would not be able to do this with just one finger. This is an example of:
An emergent property.
What is the smallest level of organization?
Organelles
In order to understand the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, Dr. Mohammed’s lab is studying how proteins thought to be involved in the disease can be induced to fold up in different ways. This is an example of:
Reductionism
All cells contain:
A plasma membrane
The best definition of the word genome is:
All genetic material found in an organism
The central dogma of molecular biology states:
DNA is transcribed to make RNA and RNA is translated to make protein.
Which of the following was a key takeaway from the human genome project?
That humans have way fewer genes than expected.
Plants use sunlight to obtain ______ from their environment.
Energy
What is an example of negative feedback?
When your body temperature goes back up to the normal range, you stop shivering
True or false: All living things become better adapted to their environments over time.
False
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between humans and chimpanzees?
humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor, which lived about 10 million years ago.
All eukaryotes are
Multicellular
Atoms have no electric charge because they have ______?
an equal number of protons and electrons
How many electrons are present in a H- and H+ ion respectively?
2,0
In the term trace element, the adjective trace means ____
the element is required ion very small amounts
Radioisotopes are dangerous because
they emit large amounts of energy, which can cause unpredictable chemical reactions
In Darwin’s “Origin of Species” he writes about observing that groups of finches (a type of bird) resembled each other but had different shaped beaks that seemed correlated with the birds’ diets. This is an example of:
Making observations
Having people from diverse backgrounds working in science and medicine benefits us all because
people from similar backgrounds may share similar biases and assumptions
Nitrogen (N) is more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the following is a correct statement about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
-Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
-Ammonia has an overall positive charge.
-Ammonia has an overall negative charge.
- The nitrogen atom has a partial positive charge; each hydrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
Each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge.
Which type of bonds strongest in water?
Covalent
Salts are held together by
Ionic Bonds
Is the chemical bond C-O polar or non-polar
POLAR
Define: Reductionism
understanding something complex by breaking it down into its component parts and studying them individually.
Define: Emergent Properties
properties that are observable only at higher levels of organization
Define: Genome
The genetic material of an organism or virus. Provides all information about the organism and directs all vital processes. Present in Nucleus (DNA) Mitochondrion (Mitochondrial DNA)
Define: Genomics
The study of whole sets of genes (or other DNA) and their interactions within a species.
Define: Proteome
The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism.
Define: Proteomics
The systematic study of sets of proteins and their properties.
Define: Energy
The capacity to cause changes, especially to do work.
Define: Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Define: Negative Feedback
A form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product slows the process. EX: Decreasing hormone signaling, negative feedback regulation prevents excessive pathway activity.
Define: Hypothesis
Rational accounting for a set of observations based on the available data.
Define: Theory
A group of general propositions commonly regarded as correct that can be used to predict phenomena.
