Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLJ 303 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Forensic Science?

A

Application of science to criminal and civil law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary duty of the first officer at a crime scene?

A

Security and isolation of the crime scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which Constitutional amendment controls unlawful search and seizure?

A

Amendment IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of witnesses in court?

A

Witnesses of fact (lay witnesses) and expert witnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How should fresh biological evidence be packaged?

A

Dried and in paper bags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is “Chain of custody” important to evidence?

A

It helps make sure the evidence has been kept under proper control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When dealing with evidence, what three things should always be guarded against?

A

Loss, contamination, deleterious change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If you have blood and want to know who it came from, what section of a crime laboratory will it be sent to?

A

Forensic biology/DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cause of death?

A

The particular mechanism which caused life to stop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of error in Forensic Science?

A

Type I – false positive and Type II – false negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is “PPE” ?

A

Personal Protective Equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the “Frye Standard” important?

A

It helps judges decide what testing a forensic scientist can perform which will be allowed in court – the general acceptance rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CH.1
What is forensic science?

A

Application of science to the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CH.1
What does a forensic scientist do?

A

Applies scientific techniques to evidence, reaches a conclusion about those results, reports their findings and if necessary testifies in court about those findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CH.1
What’s mostly synonymous with forensic science?

A

Criminalistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CH.1
What are some typical services that a forensic science laboratory can provide?

A

•Drug chemistry/Toxicology
•Trace Evidence
•Biology/DNA
•Firearms
•Fingerprints
•Documents
•Evidence collection and receiving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CH.1
What is pathology?

A

Pathology is the determination of cause of death, manner of death, and identification of deceased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CH.1
What is anthropology?

A

The use of skeletal remains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CH.1
What can anthropology help us identify?

A

Helps identify if skeletal remains are human or animal & identity of skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CH.1
Odontology is what?

A

Dentistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CH.1
What does odontology help us in the field of forensic science?

A

Helps identify if teeth are human or animal, uses identification of individual through dentition, usually done at mass disasters and crime scenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

CH.1
Why are odontologists so important?

A

Helps identify at least 60% of the victims (ex: air crash) just by obtaining their dental records

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CH.1
Purpose of engineering in forensic science?

A

Structural failure, crime scene reconstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CH.1
What is entomology?

A

the use of insects to determine time of death (post Mortem interval or PMI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

CH.1
Purpose of behavioral forensic science?

A

-used to determine competency of individual to stand trial
-used to determine individual insanity v. insanity
-used to determine malingering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CH.1
What is the purpose of digital evidence?

A

-analysis of computers and electronic devices
-recovery of data from damaged hard drives
-investigation of computers at crime scenes
-investigation of “hackers”
-investigation of identity theft
-investigation of illegal activities on the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CH.1
What is a witness of fact?

A

A person who testifies in court to something they saw, head, did or experienced.

** Can only testify as to facts and can NOT give opinion testimony!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CH.1
What is an expert witness?

A

An individual who because of their training, can give opinion testimony about items of evidence or conclusions they have reached after analysis of some type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CH.1
What country in 1247 used insects to find blood and fingerprints to mark objects?

A

China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

CH.1
What countries started to adopt forensic science early on?

A

Austria, Germany, Finland, Scotland, and Holland (Europe first)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

CH.1
What is a typical degree for a forensic scientist?

A

Bachelors or Masters in a natural science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

CH.1
What is a typical degree for a forensic pathologist?

A

Medical school + residency in pathology and forensic pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CH.1
What is a typical degree for a forensic anthropologist to have?

A

Ph.D. in forensic anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CH.1
What is a typical degree for a forensic odontologist to have?

A

DDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

CH.1
What is a typical degree for a forensic engineer?

A

PhD in engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CH.1
Organization of Forensic Laboratories - National

A

laboratory chartered to work evidence from the whole nation (USA - FBI Laboratory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

CH.1
Organization of Forensic Laboratories - State

A

Evidence can be sent to a laboratory or group of laboratories within a state which handle evidence for its law enforcement agencies (Illinois)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

CH.1
Organization of Forensic Laboratories - County

A

Laboratories set up to handle cases in a county in a state (DuPage in IL )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

CH.1
Organization of Forensic Laboratories - City

A

labs only handle evidence from cases within the bounds of the city (LAPD, Houston, New York City)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

CH.1
Organization of Forensic Laboratories - Private

A

labs handle evidence on a fee basis and only work evidence for pay (Lifecodes for DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

CH.1
Specialized Forensic Laboratories are mostly what?

A

FED

42
Q

CH.1
Treasury Dept has what departments/laboratories?

A

-IRS
-ATF-E
-Homeland Security
-Secret Service

43
Q

CH.1
Justice dept. deals with:

A

FBI & DEA

44
Q

CH.1
Interior Dept. deals with;

A

Fish and wildlife

45
Q

CH.1
Postal service deals with:

A

Post office

46
Q

CH.1
What is the another department mentioned in the ppt?

A

FDA

47
Q

CH.1
What are some services of a forensic science laboratory (pt. 1)?

A

-Evidence Receiving - LIMs
-Drug chemistry
-Trace chemistry
-Biology/DNA
-Firearms
-Documents
-Photography

48
Q

CH.1
What is drug chemistry?

A

analysis of controlled substances

49
Q

CH.1
What is trace chemistry?

A

analysis of trace evidence

50
Q

CH.1
What is biology/DNA?

A

analysis of body fluids for the purpose of individualization of those fluids

51
Q

CH.1
What is firearms?

A

analysis of any type of fired evidence

52
Q

CH.1
What is documents?

A

analysis of anything printed on paper

53
Q

CH.1
What is photography?

A

preservation of all types of evidence

54
Q

CH.1
What are some services of a forensic science laboratory (pt. 2)?

A

-Toxicology
-Fingerprints
-Polygraph
-Voiceprint
-Evidence collection

55
Q

CH.1
What is toxicology

A

analysis of body fluids to find drugs or
toxins present

56
Q

CH.1
What is fingerprints?

A

development, comparison and preservation of prints left behind at crime scenes

57
Q

CH.1
What is a polygraph?

A

detection of deception, useful for investigative purposes (not admissible in most courts)

58
Q

CH.1
What is a voiceprint?

A

use of voice to identify persons

59
Q

CH.1
What is evidence collection (crime scene)?

A

finds, collects and preserves evidence then transports it to the lab

60
Q

CH.1
What do administrative issues serve for?

A

Accountability (regulation of labs), Accreditation (ASCLD/LAB, ASTM, ISO), and Access to labs (public and private)

61
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. Which of the following Federal Departments does not have a forensic science lab?

A. Interior
B. Justice
C. Commerce
D. Treasury
E. All of these have forensic science labs

A
62
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. Which of the following is generally not considered to be a forensic science?

A. Chemistry
B. Biology
C. Anthropology
D. Odontology
E. Sociology

A

Sociology

63
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. California has about ___% of the crime labs in the United States

A. 10
B. 50
C. 25
D. 12
E. 1

A
64
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. Which of the following is not part of forensic anthropology?

A. Matching teeth to a bite mark
B. Identification of skeletal remains
C. Building a face on a skull
D. Superimposition of the picture of a face onto a skull
E. Determining the gender of a skeleton

A

A

65
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. DNA typing is a part of

A. Forensic pathology
B. Criminalistics
C. Odontology
D. Engineering
E. Criminal investigation

A
66
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. If a forensic science laboratory uses a barcode system as part of its evidence identification, the barcode would be affixed to the evidence when

A. The evidence is about to be analyzed
B. When the final report is written
C. As soon as the evidence is accepted by the lab
D. When the evidence is put in central storage
E. When the evidence is returned to the submitting officer

A
67
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. Which of the following is not a forensic application of science?

A. Identification of human remains through dental X-rays
B. Verifying the composition of an aspirin tablet before it leaves the factory
C. Identification of a bag of tablets taken from a car when the driver is stopped for erratic driving
D. Determination of why a Ferris wheel crashed at an amusement park when three people were killed

A
68
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. From the time you graduate from high school until you are certified as a forensic pathologist takes about ___ years.

A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 13
E. 16

A
69
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. Go to the AAFS (www.aafs.org) and look up “Daubert Tracker”. This service permits a site visit or to

A. Tracks Dauberts
B. Keeps the forensic scientist up to date on some legal aspects of scientific evidence
C. Determine when the annual Academy meeting is
D. Keep track of new types of scientific evidence
E. Tracks dues payments to the Academy

A
70
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

  1. On the website for the Society of Forensic Toxicology (www.soft-tox.org), the definition of forensic toxicology includes all of the following except

A. Postmortem forensic toxicology
B. Analysis of suspected drug powders
C. Forensic urine testing
D. Analysis of blood and body fluids for human performance altering drugs
E. All of these are included in the definition of forensic toxicology

A
71
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS - Matching

  1. Determines cause and manner of death_____
  2. Identifies people from their teeth ____
  3. Reconstructs hard disc drives_____
  4. Analyzes bone fragments____
  5. Determines role of insects in investigations____
  6. ## Determines how a bridge collapsed__a. anthropology
    b. pathology
    c. entomology
    d. computer forensics
    e. engineer
    f. odontologist
A
72
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS - FILL IN THE BLANK

  1. The _____________ is the United Kingdom national forensic science system.
  2. Mail fraud is investigated by the _____________.
  3. The federal laboratory whose responsibility is the investigation and analysis of illicit drugs is the _____________.
  4. The two major duties of a forensic scientist in a crime lab are _____________ and _____________.
  5. The national “umbrella” organization for forensic science in the United States is the _____________.
  6. When evidence is brought into a crime laboratory it is delivered to the _____________ section.
A
73
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS - SHORT ANSWER

  1. “What makes a science “forensic”? Give an example of dentistry (odontology) that is forensic and one that is not. Do the same thing for engineering.
A
74
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS - SHORT ANSWER

  1. An increasing trend in crime scene investigation is to have forensic scientists from a crime lab go to some crime scenes and help the CSIs with searching the scene for evidence. What advantages and disadvantages would there be to this practice?
A
75
Q

*CH. 1 REVIEW TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS - SHORT ANSWER

  1. Since 1992, the national forensic science system in the United Kingdom now operates on a fee per service basis; everyone, police and defendants alike, is charged for forensic analysis, whereas in the United States, crime labs are generally run be a unit of government and they are for the use of police and prosecutors only. Defendants have no access to public crime lab facilities. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? Why do you think that the United Kingdom changed over to fee-for-service model?
A
76
Q

CH.2

At the crime scene it is important to collect physical evidence, why is this?

A

It is important because it includes any and all object and substances which can establish that a crime has been committed or can provide a link between a crime and the victim, a crime and the perpetrator or a victim and the perpetrator

77
Q

CH.2

When processing the crime scene what happens during security and isolation?

A

-First officer on the scene - do not allow any one into the scene
-Check for injured and administer aid if necessary
-Note any safety hazards
-Additional officers as they arrive - help and do not go into scene

78
Q

CH.2

When recording the crime scene during processing what happens during it?

A

-Crime scene unit - sketches, notes and measurements
-Photography unit - pictures and video

79
Q

CH.2

When processing the scene and search for evidence what is happening during this?

A

-Thorough, Systematic and Complete (search patterns)
-Needed for Reconstruction of the Crime (notes and sketches)
-Time spent is sometimes dependent on the crime
– Murder scene
– Crime against person – Vehicle search
– Crime against property

*additional personnel involved = medical examiners & health care professionals

80
Q

CH.2

Collection of evidence is important especially while maintaining chain of custody because

A

-All items in separate containers - best
-Prevent loss of evidence
-Prevent contamination of evidence
-Protect evidence from deleterious change

81
Q

CH.2

While packaging evidence during a crime scene what is best storage for most dry items?

A

plastic bags

82
Q

CH.2

While packaging evidence during a crime scene what is best storage for biologicals and wet paint?

A

paper bags, allows for them to dry but not be exposed to air or chemicals that may cause rot

83
Q

CH.2

While packaging evidence during a crime scene what is best storage for arson and explosives?

A

metal cans or glass jars

84
Q

CH.2

While packaging evidence during a crime scene what is best storage for trace evidence?

A

small envelopes

85
Q

CH.2

What is important in a chain of custody?

A

-Who found and packaged evidence
-Who touched evidence
-Who analyzed evidence
-This is the easiest aspect of evidence to break in court and often what attorneys attack the most
-Evidence in “tamper-evident” containers -Submitted to the laboratory

86
Q

CH.2

What is the difference between probative and non probative?

A

Probative helps the case and non-probative has no value to the case

87
Q

CH.2

What is an important aspect to crime scene personnel and preservation of the evidence

A

safety

88
Q

CH.2

PPE - When are gown and gloves needed?

A

when biologicals are present

89
Q

CH.2

PPE - when are respirators needed?

A

when chemicals are present

90
Q

CH.2

PPE - When does it need to be changed?

A

when taking notes and when PPE is ripped or soiled

91
Q

CH.2

Safety - What can you NOT have at a crime scene

A

Food, drinks, cigarettes/vape (smoking), and makeup

92
Q

CH.2

Safety - What happens to disposables?

A

They’re destroyed, anything else that isn’t disposable gets cleaned

93
Q

CH.2

What is important when dealing with biohazards?

A

Beware sources of infections (contracting a disease), and exposure to chemicals

94
Q

CH.2

What is controls (standards)?

A

“knowns” b/c we know exactly where they came from

95
Q

CH.2

Why are “knowns” important?

A

for comparison analysis and identification

ex:
-samples such as soil, glass or arson cases that are taken from a crime scene or suspect (comparison analysis)
-obtain fingerprints or DNA from a suspect (victim too for DNA)

96
Q

CH.2

What steps are in the crime scene investigative process?

A

-Discovery of the crime
-Response
-Submission of evidence to laboratory
-Request for analysis

97
Q

CH.2

Who/what is involved in the response step of the crime scene investigative process?

A

First responders, crime scene investigators, evidence discovery & recovery, evidence prep, delivery to laboratory

98
Q

CH.2 What are two ways to submit evidence to a laboratory? Which one out of the two is the best?

A

Hand to hand & mail, Hand to hand is the best

99
Q

CH.2

Evidence can only be submitted by mail if?

A

If it is certified or better (signatures are required)
No restrictions present by postal rules (firearms, explosives, biohazards CANNOT be shipped!)

100
Q

CH.2

What information is needed for an evidence submission form?

A

-inventory of submissions (what is being submitted)
-chain of custody (who gave it, who received it)
-request for analysis (what is to be done)

CLJ 303 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions