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Biostatistics Lab > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the science dealing with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.

A

Statistics

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2
Q

Refers to the application of statistical methods to the life sciences like biology, medicine, and public health

A

Biostatistics

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3
Q

Is a set of data or a mass of observation, like public health

A

Plural “statistics”

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4
Q

Is the body of methods or techniques for the organization and analysis of collected information

A

Singular “statistics”

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5
Q

Data on vital events as to the number of birth, death, and marriages

A

Vital statistics

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6
Q

Bookkeeping of humanity

A

Vital statistics

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7
Q

6 special uses of vital statistics

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Suicides
  3. Communicable disease control
  4. Maternal and infant mortality
  5. Occupation statistics
  6. Value of periodic medical exam
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8
Q

3 important uses of vital statistics

A
  1. Legal use
  2. Source material
  3. Health units
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9
Q

Example of legal use (vital stat)

A

Birth registration

Death registration

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10
Q

Where is birth registration legally needed?

A
  • school entrance
  • employment
  • securing drivers license
  • marriage license
  • to enter military service
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11
Q

Where is death registration used legally?

A

In claiming life insurance upon the death of the benefactor

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12
Q

Example of Source material (vital stat)

A

Logbook where data is written

It contains data on birth and death registration for mortality and natality statistics

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13
Q

Example of Health units (vital stat)

A

Refers to the health workers who take part in the administration of gov’t health programs

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14
Q

As the health units:

A
  • it guides epidemiology in combat of disease
  • sanitarians see to it that portable H2O supply is given to the public to minimize typhoid fever
  • health workers attain the needs of the people by giving proper care and treatment
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15
Q

Keeps information pertains to health

A

Health statistics

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16
Q

Covers a wide variety of numeric information including data on morbidity, hospitality, and clinic statistics, as well as service statistics

A

Health statistics

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17
Q

The bookkeeping of public health because it keeps records on data of clinics, hospitals, and treatment

A

Health statistics

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18
Q

The application of health statistics to public health data are as follows: (7)

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Sanitation
  3. Industrial hygiene
  4. Dentistry
  5. Laboratory
  6. Epidemiology
  7. Maternal child hygiene
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19
Q

Uses different methods of statistics to summarize and present data in narrative from

A

Descriptive Statistics

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20
Q

Example of descriptive statistics

A
  • methods of tabulation
  • graphical presentation
  • computation of averages
  • measures of variability
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21
Q

Uses generalization and conclusions about target population w/c is based on results from a sample

A

Inferential statistics

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22
Q

Example of inferential statistics

A

Experimental method

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23
Q

The tendency of measurable characteristics to change from one individual or setting within the same individual or setting

A

Phenomena of variation

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24
Q

Example of phenomena variation

A

Persons blood pressure

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25
Q

Methods of tabulation

A

Descriptive statistics

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26
Q

Graphical presentation

A

Descriptive statistics

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27
Q

Computation of averages

A

Descriptive statistics

28
Q

Measures of variability

A

Descriptive statistics

29
Q

Experimental method

A

Inferential statistics

30
Q

2 types of variable:

A
  1. Qualitative

2. Quantitative

31
Q

Categorical variable allow for classification of individuals based on attributes and characteristics

A

Qualitative

32
Q

Deals with numerical data

Indicates a quantity or amount

A

Quantitative

33
Q

2 types of variables (in terms of research)

A
  1. Constant

2. Independent/ dependent variable

34
Q

Values remain the same from time to time

A

Constant

35
Q

Example:

  • minutes per hour
  • numbers of days a week
A

Constant

36
Q

Measured according to quantity or values and are expressed numerically

A

Independent/dependent variable

37
Q

Example:

  • birth weight
  • hospital bed capacity
  • arm circumference
  • population size
A

Independent/dependent variable

38
Q

Types of independent/dependent variable

A
  1. Discrete Variable

2. Continuous Variable

39
Q

Variable w/c can assume only integral values or whole numbers

A

Discrete variables

40
Q

No decimal

A

Discrete variables

41
Q

Example:

- 1560 books

A

Discrete variables

42
Q

Variables w/c can attain values in terms of fraction or decimal

A

Continuous variable

43
Q

5.5kg birth weight

A

Continuous variable

44
Q

11.2cm arm circumference

A

Continuous variable

45
Q

Levels of measurement

A
  1. Nominal
  2. Ordinal
  3. Interval
  4. Ratio
46
Q

Numbers or symbols used to classify an object, person, or characteristic into categories

A

Nominal

47
Q

Example:

- a collection of yes, no, and undecided responses to a medical survey question

A

Nominal

48
Q

Data arranged in some order but differences between data values cannot be determined

A

Ordinal

49
Q

Ranking order

A

Ordinal

50
Q

Example:

- size of t shirt

A

Ordinal

51
Q

Example:

- socio economic status

A

Ordinal

52
Q

Example:

- 10 urine samples, 6 were rated normal, 4 pathological

A

Ordinal

53
Q

Characterized by a common and constant unit and measurement

A

Interval

54
Q

The distance between any two numbers on the scale are known sizes

A

Interval

55
Q

Example

- temp. 15°C and 35°C

A

Interval

56
Q

Has true point wherein the number zero indicates the absence of the characteristics under consideration

A

Ratio

57
Q

Example:

- height in meters

A

Ration

58
Q

Example:

- Weight in kilograms

A

Ratio

59
Q

2 sources of data collection

A
  1. Primary data

2. Secondary data

60
Q

Obtained firsthand by the investigator from first-hand sources

A

Primary data

61
Q

Example:

  • thesis and dissertations
  • interview and questionnaire
  • letters, diaries, and autobiographies
  • experimentation
  • journal and newspaper
A

Primary data

62
Q

Are finished products taken from raw materials

A

Secondary data

63
Q

Data w/c are already existing

A

Secondary data

64
Q

Example:

  • data obtained from the registry of cases of hospitals
  • documentation material
  • book of factual information i.e. textbooks
A

Secondary data

65
Q

Role of biostatistician:

A
  1. Formulate scientific question to be investigated
  2. Designs an experiment that answers the postulate question
  3. Collect data
  4. Analyze and interpret data
66
Q

Methodological research:

A
  1. Statistical techniques
  2. High speed of computing
  3. Geographical patterns of disease
  4. Clinical trials
  5. Data analysis in epidemiology studies

Biostatistics Lab (1 decks)

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