Module 1

Question 1

Quantitive observation

Answer 1

observations involving numbers, such as counting or measuring

Question 2

qualitative observation

Answer 2

observations that are not easily counted or measured, such as color or texture

Question 3

inference

Answer 3

logical interpretation based on prior knowledge, experience, or evidence

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

a suggested, testable answer to a well defined scientific question or a possible testable explanation for observation

Question 5

variable

Answer 5

a factor that changes in an experiment

Question 6

independent variable

Answer 6

the variable manipulated by the experimenter

Question 7

dependent variable

Answer 7

the variable responding to the manipulated variable

Question 8

experimental group

Answer 8

the group in an experiment that is manipulated (contains independent variable)

Question 9

control group

Answer 9

the group that experiences no manipulation in experiment (does not contain an independent variable)

Question 10

scientific theory

Answer 10

an explanation of some part of the natural world that has been thoroughly tested and is supported by a significant amount of evidence from observations and experiments (an explanation for observation)

Question 11

scientific law

Answer 11

a description of s natural relationship or a principle expressed in mathematical terms =, and supported by a significant amount of evidence (ok its basically just an observation described)

Question 12

abiogenesis

Answer 12

the idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions

Question 13

microorganisms

Answer 13

living creatures that are hard to see with your eyes

Question 14

spontaneous generation

Answer 14

the idea that a living organism can be formed by an unliving matter

Question 15

cells

Answer 15

the smallest units of an organism considered alive

Question 16

unicellular

Answer 16

the Latin prefix “uni” means “one”. so unicellular means “single celled”

Question 17

multicellular

Answer 17

the Latin prefix “multi” means “many”. so multicellular means multi celled.

Question 18

metabolism

Answer 18

The sum total of all processes in an organism that use energy and matter to sustain the organisms life function

Question 19

anabolism

Answer 19

the sum total of all processes in an organism that break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks

Question 20

catabolism

Answer 20

the sum total of all processes in an organism that break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks

Question 21

photosynthesis

Answer 21

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food

Question 22

autotrophs

Answer 22

organisms that are able to make their own food

Question 23

herbivores

Answer 23

organisms that eat only plants

Question 24

carnivores

Answer 24

organisms that eat only organisms other than plants

Question 25

omnivores

Answer 25

organisms that eat both plants and other organisms

Question 26

heterotrophs

Answer 26

organisms that depend on on other organisms for their food

Question 27

homeostasis

Answer 27

the maintenance of stable internal conditions

Question 28

endotherm

Answer 28

organism that is internally warmed by a heat generating metabolic process

Question 29

ectotherm

Answer 29

organism that lacks an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

Question 30

receptors

Answer 30

special structures that allows living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment

Question 31

asexual reproduction

Answer 31

process by which a single organism produces genetically identical offspring (offspring receives all DNA from one parent)

Question 32

sexual reproduction

Answer 32

process by which two parents produce genetically different offspring (offspring recieves a combination of DNA from both parents)

Question 33

inheritance

Answer 33

the process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring

Question 34

mutation

Answer 34

an abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of his parents

Question 35

int. system of units

Answer 35

(SI) the most widely used system of measurements in science

Question 36

transmission electron microscope

Answer 36

a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen

Question 37

compound light microscope

Answer 37

a microscope that shines light through a specimen using two lenses to magnify an image

Question 38

scanning electron microscope

Answer 38

a microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen

Question 39

scientific method

Answer 39

the process of forming a hypothesis