Module 1

Question 1

Nociceptive (somatic) pain

Answer 1

linked to damage of skin, musculoskeletal, or viscera

Question 2

Neuropathic pain

Answer 2

pain related to somatosensory system (nerve related). often no physical appearance

Question 3

Psychosogenic pain

Answer 3

psychiatric/coping/personality/cultural

Question 4

Idiopathic pain

Answer 4

no etiology/course

Question 5

Attempting to treat pain/4 As

Answer 5

• analgesia
• ADLs
• adverse drug rxns
• aberant drug related behaviors

Question 6

10-15mmHg blood pressure difference between arms could mean

Answer 6

• aortic dissection
• supravalvular aortic stenosis
• subclavian steal syndrome

Question 7

too small of blood pressure cuff

Answer 7

elevated reading

Question 8

too large of a blood pressure cuff

Answer 8

low reading

Question 9

too loose of blood pressure cuff

Answer 9

elevated reading

Question 10

ausculatory gap

Answer 10

silent interval between systolic and diastolic-can lead to underestimation of systolic and overestimation diastolic

Question 11

ausculatory gap is associated with

Answer 11

arterial stiffness and arthlerosclerotic disease

Question 12

normal blood pressure

Answer 12

less than 120/80

Question 13

elevated blood pressure

Answer 13

systolic 120-129

diastolic <80

Question 14

stage 1 HTN blood pressure

Answer 14

systolic 130-139 OR

diastolic 80-89

Question 15

stage 2 HTN blood pressure values

Answer 15

systolic 140+ or diastolic 90+

Question 16

white coat HTN

Answer 16

blood pressure >140/90 in office environment

Question 17

masked HTN

Answer 17

in daytime setting, BP >130/80 in daytime but in ambulatory setting >135/85
seen in 10-30 percent of patients

Question 18

Where pulses can be palpated

Answer 18

radial, bracial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis petus, post tib

Question 19

normal HR

Answer 19

60-90bpm

Question 20

pulse deficit

Answer 20

there is a significant difference between apical and peripheral pulse

Question 21

when does pulse deficit occur

Answer 21

Afib, heart failure, weak heart contraction, apical higher than peripheral

Question 22

diminished pulse

Answer 22

can be seen with arthlerosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, low cardiac output

Question 23

assymmetry of pulses

Answer 23

can indicated coarctation of aorta or aortic dissection

different in upper and lower extremeties

Question 24

bounding pulse/water hammer

Answer 24

seen w/ aortic regurgitation or patent ductus arteriosus

Question 25

pulsus alternans

Answer 25

amplitude of pulse alternates every other beat | Pericardial effusions

Question 26

bradypnea

Answer 26

slow breathing, causes: physiologic, diabetic coma, drug induced respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure

Question 27

tachypnea

Answer 27

rapid, shallow breathing | causes: restrictive lung disease, pleuritic chest pain, elevated diaphram

Question 28

obstructive breathing

Answer 28

expiration is prolonged due to narrowing of airways that increase resistance to airflow causes: asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, foreign masses and bodies

Question 29

hyperpnea/hyperventilation

Answer 29

rapid, deep breathing causes: exercise, anxiety, metabolic acidosis, kidney failure, DKA comatose-consider infarction, hypoxia, hyperglycemia

Question 30

chyne stokes breathing

Answer 30

period of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea causes: normal in children, elderly when sleeping pathologic if normal adult having these symptoms causes: heart failure, uremia, drug induced respiratory depression, brain damage

Question 31

Kussmauls respirations

Answer 31

labored, deep breathing, also rapid | seen with metabolic acidosis

Question 32

ataxic

Answer 32

unpredictable breathing irregularity shallow or deep with periods of apnea causes:respiratory depression, brain damage

Question 33

Normal temperature

Answer 33

37 Celcius | 98.6 Farenheit

Question 34

C to F formula

Answer 34

F=(C*1.8)+32

Question 35

F to C formula

Answer 35

(F-32)/1.8

Question 36

hyperprexia

Answer 36

temperature above 106 F or 41.1 C

Question 37

hypothermia

Answer 37

temperature less than 95 or 35 C can be due to decreased movement interference with vasoconstriction hypothyroidism or hypoglycemia

Question 38

BMI chart

Answer 38

``` <18.5 underweight 18.5-24.9 normal 25-29.9 overweight 30-34.9 obese 1 35-39.9 obese 2 40+ obese 3 ```

Question 39

Level of consciousness consists of

Answer 39

- awake - alert - responsive - oriented

Question 40

alertness amount (5 levels of alertness)

Answer 40

- alert:totally looking and responding - lethargic:appears drowsy, will respond and then fall back asleep - obtunded:open eyes slow and confused, not alert, respond to stimuli (not painful) - stuporous:arouses from sleep with painful stimuli, very little awareness - comatose:no response even to pai

Question 41

Scale of conciousness

Answer 41

Glassgow Coma scale

Question 42

way of using the glassgow coma scale

Answer 42

``` eye opening 1-4 verbal response 1-5 motor response 1-6 scored between 3-15 15-normal 13-higher correlation of mild brain injury 9-12-moderate 8-severe ```

Question 43

disadvantages of glassgow coma scale

Answer 43

-one area could possibly not be assessed due to trauma, intubation etc

Question 44

other way to document LOC

Answer 44

- A+O | - A+O X3

Question 45

A+O X4 means

Answer 45

``` awake and oriented to person place time situation (that order) ```

Question 46

what can affect A+O

Answer 46

mood, memory, trust

Question 47

orientation is lost in this order

Answer 47

situation then time then place then person