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API571 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Typical Distillation curve

A
  1. Butanes (LE)
  2. Gasoline
  3. Naptha
  4. Kerosene
  5. Gas Oil
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2
Q

Salts are (2)

A
  1. naturally occurring in crude oil

2. water soluble

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3
Q

Crudes Salts (3)

A
  1. Magnesium Chloride
  2. Sodium Chloride
  3. Calcium Chloride
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4
Q

First step of crude oil seperation

A

washing in the desalter (with water)

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5
Q

What comes out of the desalter?

A

salt, mud , sand

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6
Q

Undermixing in the desalter result in

A

salt carryover downstream

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7
Q

What happens to the salts in the crude furnance?

A

Hydrolyzes (breaks apart and forms HCL)

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8
Q

Which crude salt hydrolyzes most / least?

A 
MOST = magnesium Chloride
Lease = Sodium Chloride
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9
Q

Where is naOH injected to form Sodium Chloride

A

downstream of the desalter

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10
Q

Dry CL is

A

not corrosive

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11
Q

Wet CL is

A

corrosive

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12
Q

wash water outlet monitors (3)

A
  1. ph
  2. iron
  3. chlorides
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13
Q

what are naturally occurring in crude oil (2)

A

Sulfer / N2

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14
Q

Adding heat converts sulfur to

A

H2S (corrosive/poisonous)

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15
Q

sulfur/n2 increases with

A

Molecular weight

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16
Q

N2 becomes an issues

A
  1. in feed produce cyanide

2. in hydrotreating N2 combines with H2 and form NH3 (ammonia) and form ammonia bisulfide with HCL

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17
Q

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) & Delayed Coker Unit (Coker) purpose?

A

Crack large molecules (Asphalt) into small usable molecules (gasoline/diesel)

  1. FCCU = catalyst
  2. DCU = thermally
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18
Q

Purpose of Hydrotreating is to remove

A

sulfur / N2

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19
Q

purpose of sour water stripper (SWS)

A

remove H2S

20
Q

where does rich amine goes to?

A

Amine Unit

21
Q

heavier MW = need more ___ and higher ____

A

Hydrogen and higher pressure

22
Q

heavier MW = need more ___ and higher ____

A

Hydrogen and higher pressure , and more sulfer / N2

23
Q

where does rich amine goes to and do what?

A

Amine Unit -> remove H2s

24
Q

Hydrotreating Steps

  1. Hydrogen (H2) is combined with hydrocarbon.
  2. H2 combines with the Sulfur (S) in the hydrocarbon.
  3. H2S (a gas) is formed.
  4. The H2S gas and the liquid hydrocarbon are separated.
  5. H2S gas goes to an Amine Treater where the H2S is transferred to the amine and recovered.
A
25
Q

reactor effluent air coolers damage mechanism

A
  • Wet H2S
  • Ammonium Bisulfide
  • Ammonium Chloride
  • HCl corrosion
  • Erosion
  • Chloride
26
Q

is amine a acid or a base?

A

base

27
Q

is amine a acid or a base?

A

base

28
Q

purpose of a Alkylate unit

A

Combine cracked gasses (from either FCCU or Coker) to form large gasoline molecules.

29
Q

Catalyst in a Alkylation (2)

A

Sulfuric Acid or Hydrofluoric HF Acid

30
Q

Alkylation / HF Construction – Primarily ____ when (2)

A

Carbon Steel CS is fairly resistant to corrosion by either Sulfuric Acid or HF Acid when the

  1. acid concentration is high and
  2. velocities are low.
31
Q

Independent of the type of catalyst used in an Alkylation unit, what is one of the key parameters to controlling the corrosion rate in such a unit?

A

Temperature

32
Q

amine treating system, what vessel operates at a higher temperature?

A

Amine Regenerator

33
Q

amine treating system, what vessel operates at a higher temperature?

A

Amine Regenerator

34
Q

Catalytic Reforming unit (CRU) bi products (2)

A
  1. high octane (100%)

2. hydrogen H2

35
Q

control parameter for a desalter (3)

A
  1. amount of mixing
  2. water %
  3. temperature
36
Q

desalter does not remove

A

sulfer

37
Q

function of the Tank Farm in a refinery?

A

Remove solids from the crude oil
Dewater the crude oil
Blend the crude oil for the desalter

38
Q

function of the Tank Farm in a refinery? (3)

A

Remove solids from the crude oil
Dewater the crude oil
Blend the crude oil for the desalter

39
Q

Is amine water soluble, or hydrocarbon soluble?

A

water

40
Q

n what part of the hydrotreating process do most of the ammonium salts form corrosive liquid salts?

A

Reactor Effluent Air Coolers

41
Q

the corrosion rate of bare metal decreases with time. This is because:

A

The passive layer protects the metal from further corrosion.

42
Q

Low-alloy steel contains

A

about 1%-5% of alloying elements.

43
Q

Most carbon steels used in a refinery contain how much of the alloying element carbon (C)?

A

0.15 – 1.0 %

44
Q

What alloying element in Cast Iron makes it difficult to weld?

A

Carbon (C)

45
Q

The most common acid gases found in the refinery and petrochemical plants are (2)
).

A

H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide

API571 (13 decks)

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