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DaVita PCT I Critical > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis: ULTRAFILTRATION

A

Fluid pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM).

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2
Q

Explain the Four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis: CONVECTION

A

Solutes dragged across SPM along with fluid.

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3
Q

Explain the Four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis: DIFFUSION

A

Particles move from area of high concentration to low.

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4
Q

Explain the Four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis: OSMOSIS

A

Fluid moves from area of low to high concentration.

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5
Q

What are the kidney’s excretory functions?

A

To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance.

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6
Q

How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?

A

By normalizing electrolytes and providing fluid balance through ultrafiltration.

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7
Q

What is the function of the acid concentrate?

A

Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion.

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8
Q

What is the function of the bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?

A

Buffers the acid concentrate.

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9
Q

What is the function of the bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient’s blood?

A

Normalizes body pH.

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia:

A

> 6.5 mEq

Symptoms: Extreme muscle weakness abnormal heart rhythm and possible cardiac arrest.

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11
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia?

A

< 3.5 mEq

Symptoms: Fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis and respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest.

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12
Q

Normal blood pH range:

A

7.35 - 7.45

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13
Q

What are the Kidneys’ endocrine functions?

A

Renin secretion, Erythropoietin secretion, vitamin D activation.

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14
Q

How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?

A

Provide medications.

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15
Q

How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis?

A

15%

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16
Q

What is uremia and what does it affect?

A

Uremia is a buildup of waste in the blood due to kidney failure and it affects all body systems.

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17
Q

What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA?

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic kidney disease

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18
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD:

A

Slowing the progression of CKD
Managing comorbidities and complications
Controlling symptoms
Minimizing the effects of CKD on patients lifestyles
Kidney replacement therapy modality education
Encouraging patients to actively participate in their health care

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19
Q

Why is it important to know what caused your patient’s CKD?

A

(Answer)

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20
Q

Signs & Symptoms of fluid imbalance:

A

(Answer)

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21
Q

Why is sodium balance important?

A

(Answer)

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22
Q

Systemic effects of CKD - What would you advise for a patient who complains of: DRY, ITCHY SKIN?

A

(Answer)

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23
Q

Systemic effects of CKD - What would you advise for a patient who complains of: PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (NERVE PAIN IN THE EXTREMITIES)?

A

(Answer)

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24
Q

Systemic effects of CKD - What would you advise for a patient who complains of: GI PROBLEMS (i.e. NAUSEA/VOMITING)?

A

(Answer)

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25
Q

Systemic effects of CKD - What would you advise for a patient who complains of: PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (i.e. ANXIETY/DEPRESSION)?

A

(Answer)

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26
Q

What does hypertension lead to?

A

(Answer)

27
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

(Answer)

28
Q

What is included in pericarditis treatment?

A

(Answer)

29
Q

Why are dialysis patients anemic?

A

Primary:

Secondary:

30
Q

How can you prevent contributing to lower hemoglobin levels and blood loss in dialysis patients?

A

(Answer)

31
Q

What are the 4 key elements contributed to CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (MBD)?

A

(Answer)

32
Q

What are symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease?

A

(Answer)

33
Q

What is your role in CKD-MBD Management?

A

(Answer)

34
Q

Define the term AKI:

A

(Answer)

35
Q

Give 3 examples of pre-, intra-, and post-renal causes of AKI:

A

Pre- :

Intra- :

Post :

36
Q

Explain the difference between AKI and CKD

A

(Answer)

37
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the outpatient facility:

a) How do you help in restoring kidney function?

A

(Answer)

38
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the outpatient facility:

b) What do you need to consider in regards to their vascular access?

A

(Answer)

39
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the outpatient facility:

c) How do you protect kidneys from further injury?

A

(Answer)

40
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the outpatient facility:

d) What is important when monitoring weight and BP?

A

(Answer)

41
Q

Outline the treatment goals for a patient with AKI dialyzing in the outpatient facility:

e) AKI patients are at increased risk for which complications?

A

(Answer)

42
Q

What makes dialysis patients more susceptible to HAIs?

A

(Answer)

43
Q

Why are dialysis patients at increased risk for acquiring a HAI at the facility?

A

(Answer)

44
Q

What is the most common transmission route for HAIs?

A

(Answer)

45
Q

What is the most important intervention you can do to prevent HAIs?

A

(Answer)

46
Q

What is the most common infectious complication in hemodialysis patients?

A

(Answer)

47
Q

What germ causes the most common infections in hemodialysis patients?

A

(Answer)

48
Q

Why is wearing gloves so important?

A

(Answer)

49
Q

Why do you need to preform hand hygiene before and after wearing gloves?

A

(Answer)

50
Q

What is the difference between OSHA and CMS infection control requirements?

A

(Answer)

51
Q

What are V-tags and why are they important?

A

(Answer)

52
Q

Is a cleaned dialysis machine considered a ‘clean’ area?

A

(Answer)

53
Q

When should sharps containers be removed from he treatment floor?

A

(Answer)

54
Q

State 3 strategies recommended by KDOQI to decrease the risk of infection when working with a CVC:

A

a)

b)

c)

55
Q

Who can use clean sinks for hand washing?

A

(Answer)

56
Q

What is the correct procedure in regards to your hands when you have casual contact with a patient?

A

(Answer)

57
Q

How can you tell when an area or sink is clean or dirty in your facility?

A

(Answer)

58
Q

Explain the HBV classification and state which test is performed monthly on HBV susceptible patients.

A

a) HBsAg:
b) Anti-HBs:
c) Anti-HBclgM:

59
Q

How often are machine alarm tests performed?

A

(Answer)

60
Q

How long can a dialyzer and blood lines be set up for once re-circulation is complete? Why can’t it remain set up longer?

A

(Answer)

61
Q

The manual conductivity value must reach +/- _____mS on the Fresenius (FMC) dialysis delivery system displayed conductivity.

A

(Answer)

62
Q

What is the safe dialysate pH range?

A

(Answer)

63
Q

What is “strike-through” of an external pressure transducer and why is it of concern?

A

(Answer)

64
Q

Why is it important for patient care teammates to know when the water treatment system disinfection was performed?

A

(Answer)

DaVita PCT I Critical (4 decks)

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