Module 1 Flashcards
What is Health promotion
- the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
- not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy lifestyle to wellbeing
What is Health
- the complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- a resource for everyday life, not the goal of living
How is health promotion not disease prevention
- although it may lead to lowered disease rates, that’s not the point
- about well being in the now not preventing for later health
Upstream Health Promotion
doing the intervention before the negative behavior starts. Most common and assumed approach. Ex: smoking- remove all cigarettes from the shelves
Downstream Health Promotion
doing intervention to lessen the harm of the behavior already happening. Less common approach. Ex: smoking- ideas to lessen smoking and encourage quitting
What are the 3 Levels of Health
Health Promotion
Public Health- what we as a society can do to improve health of society, often policies
Population Health- determinants of health in the population, monitoring what is affecting the population health in (+) or (-) way and how to intervene
What is the Ottawa Charter
a seminal international agreement signed at the first international conference for health promotion in 1986. The goal was health for all by 2000. has 5 components
What are the 5 Action Areas of the Ottawa Charter
Developing Personal Skills Creating Supportive Environments Reorienting Health Services Strengthening Community Action Building Healthy Public Policy
What are the 3 main strategies of the Ottawa Charter
Advocate, Enable, Mediate
Explain the Developing Personal Skills Action Area
- support personal and social development through providing info, education for health, and enhancing lifestyle skills.
- Knowledge translation.
- This approach alone will not provide widespread health ex: how to be active campaign
Explain the Creating Supportive Environments Action Area
- addressing the cultural values, social norms, physical surroundings and political and economic structures that make up the home, workplace and community where we all live
- about more than just the physical spaces, its about community and the terms of that space
- environmental ways to support the physical, social, and mental well-being
Explain the Reorienting Health Services Action Area
- moves the health sector beyond providing only medical and clinical services toward meeting the more holistic needs of people using a multisector approach
- from medial model of health to wellness model
Explain the Strengthening Community Action, Action Area
- empowerment of communities through strengthening social networks, building social capital and building capacity for social change by providing info, learning opportunities, and a broad range of resources
- community level
- connecting people working in different area of same field to share knowledge and come to a collective agreement about what to do
Explain the Building Health Public Policy Action Area
- aim is to create supportive environments that make healthy choices possible (or easier) so people can lead healthier lives
- very upstream
- how to make really good public policy that makes it easier for people to feel in control of their health and well being
- overarching over the other action areas
Explain the Advocate strategy of Ottawa Charter
advocate for change at various political and social levels. Advocate for macro-level policy
Explain the Enable strategy of the Ottawa Charter
enabling is a big focus, focused on equity, careful of power relations, and understanding health literacy. Enable people in their microspheres
Explain the Mediate strategy of the Ottawa Charter
Mediate is a coordinated action between stakeholders, working together at higher levels of influence, and built trust. Mediate among institutions and organizations at the meso-level
What is a social determinant of health
factors that influence health are affected by social status. influenced by the distribution of money, power, resources at an international, national, and local level. a marked influence on health inequities
WHO Commission for Social Determinants framework
2 broad types of health determinants that influence health and can lead to health inequities
- structural and intermediary determinants
Structural Determinants of Health (WHO Commission for SDofH)
- the socio-economic and political context the person is born into and lives in.
- –> goverance: how sociiety is organized to make and implement decisions
- –> policies: economic, social and public
- –> values: social and cultural values that communities place on health
- these all lead to the unequal distribution of material and monetary resources which shapes a person’s socio-economic position
Socio-economic position
- describes someone’s place in society which can affect their exposure, vulnerability, and outcomes to conditions that have an impact on their health
Factors like: education, occupation, income, gender, race, social class - this position determines the intermediary determinants of health
Intermediary Determinants of Health (WHO Commission for SDofH)
- determined by someone’s socio-economic status
- –> material circumstances: the quality of housing, financial means to buy healthy food, clothing, or other requirements for healthy living
- –> Psychosocial factors: the work environment, living circumstances, relationships, and social support
- –> Behavioral and Biological factors
- –> health systems: the type and quality of care available to people and how easy it is for people to access health services and receive the healthcare needed.
Some Social Determinants of Health
income and income distribution, education, unemployment and job security, employment and working conditions, early childhood development, food insecurity, housing, social exclusion, social safety network, health services, Indigenous status, gender, race, disability
What are the WHO’s prerequisites for Health?
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
