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TEFL > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

Useful Background

1
Q

Facts about old english 450-1100

A

5th century AD, 3 germanic tribes (current Denmark and North Germany) crossed the North Sea
Previously the main language was Celtic, driven into Wales, Cornwall and Scotland

1/2 of commonly used words today have old english roots

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2
Q

Facts about Middle English 1100-1500

A

1066 William the Conquerer (battle of hastings - tapestry of Bayeux) brought French = language of the nobles / royal court
Linguistic divide
14th century English became dominant again but with some French

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3
Q

Facts about Early Modern English 1500-1800

A

Great Vowel shift (vowels pronounced shorter)
16th century, greater connections with other countries + renaissance so there were lots of new words
Invention of printing press brought standardisation to English
1604 first dictionary published

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4
Q

Facts about Late Modern English 1800-Present

A

Late Modern English has more vocabulary than Early modern due to the industrial revolution + 1/3 of the world creating and adapting words

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5
Q

Specific characteristics of the EL making it EASY to learn

A

Fairly easy to learn - compared to others / depends on primary language
Latin alphabet - only 26 basic letters
Simple inflection - compared to others
Heterogeneousness - adopted words from all over
Generally fixed word order - Subject Verb Object
No accents - apart from imported words
Minimal change in structure when verbs change form

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6
Q

Specific characteristics of the EL making it HARD to learn

A

Pronunciation - may cause problems for learners who don’t use the tip of the tongue
Continuous tense (ing) - may not exist in other languages
Articles (a, an the) - may not exist in other languages
Phrasal verbs - adverb + preposition e.g. look down on
Non-tonal - changes in pitch express emotion not for another word
Sound and spelling - common words may not conform to spelling patterns

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7
Q

GERMAN EFL students common mistakes

A 
i / a vs e / r
'th' doesn't exist
w pronounced with v (we = ve)
they don't have continuous tense
clause order differs - past participle always last (I have him not seen)
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8
Q

CHINESE EFL students common mistakes

A

not used to alphabet (characters used to represent entire word)
hard to hear between l and r (rice = lice)
unlike English, concept of time and meaning through word order

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9
Q

Reasons English is in high demand

A

international communication
common language
software programs written in English

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10
Q

TEFL

A

Teaching English as a Foreign Language

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11
Q

EFL

A

English as a Foreign Language

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12
Q

ELT

A

English Language Teaching

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13
Q

TESOL

A

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

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14
Q

TESL

A

Teaching English as a Second Language (teaching immigrants in English speaking countries)

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15
Q

CALL

A

Computer Assisted Language Learning

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16
Q

CLT

A

Communicative Language Teaching

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17
Q

DOS

A

Director of Studies

18
Q

EAP

A

English for Academic Purposes

19
Q

ESP

A

English for Specific Purposes

20
Q

L1

A

A student’s first language

21
Q

L2

A

A student’s second language

22
Q

PPP

A

Presentation, Practice, Production

23
Q

STT

A

Student talking time

24
Q

TTT

A

Teacher talking time

25
Q

Grammar-Translation Method

A

Historically used to teach Latin and Greek

  • main aim to read FL
  • emphasis on reading/writing
  • FL is discussed in native language
  • vocab taught through translation
  • teacher explains rules students copy
26
Q

Audiolingual Method

A

US thought they were falling behind in the race to space because their scientists didn’t know much FL

  • repetitive oral drills, habit formation
  • attempts of experimentation or creativity discouraged to avoid bad habit creation
  • little grammar
  • listening, speaking, reading then writing
27
Q

Communicative Approach / Communicative Language Teaching

A
  • meaningful CONVERSATION not structure and grammar
  • variety of approaches
  • context to give language meaning
  • formal learning of rules + practice
  • encourage creativity (trial and error)
  • student centered
  • understanding that there are unique learning styles
28
Q

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) 6 lesson integrations

A
  1. Situation / Context
  2. Giving the situation a practical / realistic function
  3. Formality
  4. Meaning and use of the situation
  5. Grammar
  6. Notions like time introduced to context
29
Q

Facts about an L1 learner

A
  • immersed from birth
  • motivated to communicate for wants and needs
  • adults often praise language learning
  • gets attention aiding learning
  • learns through play
  • not often corrected
30
Q

Facts about an L2 learner

A
  • not intensively exposed to L2
  • often limited exposure outside the classroom
  • may not be motivated
  • less praise than for L1
  • sometimes limited attention from teacher
  • corrected more regularly; demotivating
31
Q

Language Learning vs Language Aquisition

A

LL - formal study of language including SPAG + pronounciation
LA - how the language is picked up. Related to education, background, intellect, motivation, exposure to the language

32
Q

What can help with language acquisition ?

A

Meaningful communication with others and watching/listening to L2

33
Q

Examples of learning activities in the classroom

A

Fill in the blanks (focus on form and structure of English)

34
Q

Acquisition activities in the classroom

A
  • role-playing everyday situations
35
Q

Key influences on L2 learning / acquisition

A
  • intellect
  • learning style
  • motivation
  • proficiency in L1 / if learning another language too
  • prior learning may bring expectations
  • teacher behavior / gender
  • classroom structure
  • participation
  • communication or cultural barriers
36
Q

What are the two main communication styles?

A

Direct & Indirect

37
Q

What is a DIRECT style of communication?

A

No beating around the bush, very clear

38
Q

What is a INDIRECT style of communication?

A

Subtility and use of stories - not directly to the point

39
Q

What are L2 learner groups?

A

Children
Teenagers / young adults
Adults

40
Q

What are key features of CHILDREN as an L2 learner?

A
  • short attention span
  • like to have fun in the classroom
  • not afraid to make mistakes
  • limited life experience
41
Q

What are key features of TEENAGERS as an L2 learner?

A
  • developing concentration span
  • can control behavior
  • pay attention to meaning and perhaps form
  • may worry what others think of them
  • developing life experience
42
Q

What are key features of ADULTS as an L2 learner?

A
  • longest attention span
  • controlled behavior
  • pay attention to meaning and form in language
  • not so willing to make mistakes
  • life experience

TEFL (2 decks)

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