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Kuchera - Osteo Theory > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteopathic philosophy has been summarized into 4 beliefs, sometimes called osteopathic concepts; name them.

A
  1. The body is a unit
  2. it has its own self-protecting and -regulating mechanisms
  3. Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
  4. Treatment considers the preceding 3 principles.
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2
Q

T/F

Dr. Still’s idea of health was a body with all of its parts and structures working together as perfectly as possible, a mind, and a soul all living together in an environment which provides all of the essentials of life.

A

True

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3
Q

T/F

A pain-free and a disease-free person is a healthy person.

A

False.

They may not be a healthy person.

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4
Q

____________(2) is impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system.

A

Somatic dysfunction

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5
Q

Finding somatic dysfunction helps the physician …..(3)

A
  1. confirm a diagnosis
  2. treat the structural components of the patient’s problems
  3. obtain clues to diagnosis of and treatment areas for support of the body’s self-protecting and self-regulating mechanisms
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6
Q

What does TART stand for?

A

Tissue texture change, asymmetry, restriction of motion, tenderness

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7
Q

Asymmetry of the lumbosacral joints between _____ and the sacrum is the most common congenital anomaly of the lumbosacral or low back area.

A

L5

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8
Q

The coccyx is attached to the apex of the sacrum by the __________ joint.

A

Sacrococcygeal

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9
Q

T/F

There are 2 muscles in the body to specifically move the SI joints.

A

False.

There are no muscles that specifically move the SIJ.

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10
Q

Match the correct words to the phrase

  1. The fairly smooth anterior surface of the sacrum is interrupted by the ventral foramen for passage of the ________________.
  2. Medial to these foramen lie the ___________ of the sacral area.
  3. The right and left sympathetic chains end by joining together on the ventral surface of the coccyx to form a single sympathetic ganglion called the ___________
  4. A posterior view of the sacrum reveals that fusion of sacral spines forms the ___________
  5. The most anterior and superior projection of the first sacral vertebral body is called the _________.
  6. The sacral canal carries the nerves of the sacral portion of the ____________.
A. Sympathetic chain ganglia 
B. Ventral sacral nerves
C. Ganglion impar
D. Sacral promontory 
E. Median sacral crest 
F. Cauda equina
A 
1 B
2 A 
3 C
4 E
5 D
6 F
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11
Q

There is a defect near the apex of the sacrum called the ______(2)

A

Sacral hiatus and cornu.
This is formed by the failure of the lamina of the 5th sacral vertebra to meet in the midline.
sacral hiatus is where an epidural is placed.

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12
Q

T/F
At the most inferior limit of the lateral crest, the lateral margin of the sacrum turns sharply toward the midline This point of change in direction is called the inferior lateral angle of the sacrum.

A

True.
Called the ILA.
- palpation and estimation of the levelness of the ILAs in the superior/inferior and the anterior/posterior direction will help diagnose sacral somatic dysfunction.
Sactrotuberous ligaments attach just lateral to the ILAs of sacrum and extend down to the ischial tuberosities.

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13
Q

What is the space between the sacral spines and a lateral sacral crest called?

A

Sacral sulcus

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14
Q

The innominate’s are composed of the fusion of …..

A

ilium, ischium, pubic bone

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15
Q

Which structure does NOT assist in strengthening the lumbosacral joints?

a. lumbosacral disk
b. anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
c. iliolumbar ligaments
d. sacroiliac joint

A

d. SIJ

a,b,c all help strengthen the lumbosacral joints

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16
Q

The SI joints are strengthened by the primary ligaments (3) and accessory ligaments (3). Name them.

A

Primary - anterior, interosseous, and posterior SI ligaments
Accessory - sacrospinous, sacrotuberous, and iliolumbar ligaments

17
Q

T/F

The sacrotuberous ligaments are located in a position in the pelvis which is anterior to the sacrospinous ligaments.

A

False.

*Posterior to the sacrospinous ligaments

18
Q

The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments helps to anatomically define the boundaries of the …..(2)

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen

19
Q

T/F
The sacrospinous ligament divides one foramen from the other; the sacrotuberous ligament forms the posterior border of each of the foramen.

A

True

20
Q

A ruptured fourth lumbar disk will more likely press on the fifth nerve root. Explain why.

A

The location of the pedicle being on the upper 1/3 of the vertebral body

pg 248

21
Q

Both the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments attach to ….

A

intervertebral disks

There are also the capsular ligaments, the ligamentum flava between the lamina, and the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments between the spines

22
Q

Herniations of L_ & L_ disks account for 95% of lumbar disk herniations

A

L4 and L5
Since most lumbar vertebral motion occurs between L4-L5 and L5-S1 and because they carry tremendous pressures with activity of the body.

23
Q

There are 2 oblique axes of the sacrum. What are they called?

A

Right oblique and left oblique axis. Named according to the side of the body toward which the superior end of the oblique axis is located.

24
Q

There are ____ transverse axes of the sacrum. Name them.

A

3

The superior transverse axis - passes through the non-articular portion of the SIJ at S2 level.

Middle transverse axis - involved in sacral somatic dysfunctions. Passes through the junction of the two arms of the articular portion of the joint. At S3.

Inferior transverse axis - motion of innominates in response to motion of pubic bones during walking. This is the axis which the innominate anterior or posterior somatic dysfunctions occur. At S4.

25
Q

T/F

The innominate rotates anteriorly and posteriorly around the inferior transverse axis of the sacrum.

A

True

26
Q

Name the True Pelvic Ligaments

A 
anterior SI 
Interosseous SI (bridge between non-articular surfaces of the joint) 
posterior SI (blend into sacrotuberous ligaments)
27
Q

Name the accessory pelvic ligament(s)

A

The sacrotuberous ligament:

extends from the PSIS and the lower part of the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity.

28
Q

Which ligaments help keep the sacral base from rocking anteriorly?

A

sacroiliac ligaments and iliolumbar ligament

They stabilize the lumbosacral and sacroiliac junctions.

29
Q

Which ligaments stabilize the lumbosacral joint by resisting the posterior rock of the sacral apex during the upright posture?

A

The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments.

30
Q

Name the primary and secondary pelvic muscles.

A

Primary: (muscles of pelvic diaphragm) - coccygeus and levator ani muscle
Secondary - piriformis, obturator internus and iliopsoas (because they are considered to have partial attachment to the true pelvis)

31
Q

T/F

The sacrum can bilaterally and unilaterally flex and extend (or nutate and counter-nutate)

A

True

32
Q

What are the motions of the innominate?

A

Anterior, posterior, outflare, inflare, upslip and downslip

Remember: physiological motion occur around an axis of motion whereas non-physiological motions do not.

Kuchera - Osteo Theory (3 decks)

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