Module 1 Flashcards
A chain of amino acids is called a:
Protein
A protein is made up of a chain of:
Amino acids
What is produced by transcription?
mRNA - messenger ribonucleic acid
What is a nucleotide made of?
- a sugar (deoxyribose)
- a phosphate group
- a base (A, T, C, or G)
Which base changes during transcription, and what does it change to?
Thymine changes to uracil
What is complementary base pairing?
Hydrogen bonding between neocleotide bases which connect the two strands in a double helix
Which bases pair together in DNA, and what kind of bonds does each pair form?
Hydrogen bonds:
Adenine and thymine - double bond
Cytosine and guanine - triple bond
How are the backbones of the two strands in a double helix arranged, in relation to one another?
Anti-parallel
What group is found at the 5’ end of a DNA strand?
Phosphate group
What group is found at the 3’ end of a DNA strand?
Hydroxyl group (OH) from the deoxyribose group
What do we call the 5’ to 3’ strand of a double helix?
The coding strand (aka sense strand, non-template, plus strand)
In which direction does the coding strand run?
5’ to 3’
What do we call the 3’ to 5’ strand?
The non-coding strand (aka anti-sense strand, template, transcribed, or minus strand)
In what direction does the non-coding strand run?
3’ to 5’
Which enzyme initiates transcription?
RNA polymerase
