Module 1 Flashcards
Time critical scheduled medications
administer at exact time when necessary, or 20 mins before or after scheduled time
Non time critical scheduled medications
daily, weekly, monthly medications, administer within 2 hours before or after scheduled time, no greater than 4 hours
10 rights of medication administration
- Right drug/medication
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right patient
- Right reason
- Right documentation
- Right evaluation
- Right patient education
- Right to refuse
Definition: Drug
Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism
Definition: Pharmacology
Study of drugs
Generic drug name
Name given to a drug. ex. ibuprofen
Trade drug name
Name made by manufacturers for a drug. ex. advil
How can drugs be classified?
Structure or therapeutic use
Definition: Pharmaceutics
How dosage influences the way drugs affect the body
Definition: Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion)
Definition: Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
Definition: Pharmacotherapeutics
How drugs prevent and treat diseases
Time release technology
Used in tablets/capsules, drug molecules are released in GI tract over a period of time, released slower into the bloodstream
Thin film drug delivery
Drugs that dissolve in the mouth, absorbed through oral mucosa
Bioavailability
Extent of drug absorption
First pass effect
Reduces bioavailability to less than 100% because liver metabolizes the drug, making less of the drug active
What does it mean for something to have a high first pass effect?
Less drug is active because it’s being metabolized by liver
Routes of absorption
Enteral, parenteral, topical, transdermal, inhalation
Enteral route
Absorbed through stomach, small intestine, large intestine
-oral, buccal, sublingual, rectal
Parenteral route
Any route other than GI tract, commonly through injection
Topical route
Application of medication to body surfaces
-ointments, creams, gels
Transdermal Application
Drugs delivered through adhesive drug patch for systemic drug effects
Definition: Distribution
Transport of a drug by bloodstream to drug’s site of action
Role of albumin in distribution of drugs
Most common blood protein carrier, when drugs are bound they are inactive, when they are unbound they are active
What happens to drug distribution when someone has low albumin?
More active drug = risk of drug toxicity
Metabolism/biotransformation
Alternation of drug into:
- inactive metabolite
- more soluble compound
- more potent metabolite
- less active metabolite
What organ is responsible for biotransformation & how?
Most: liver (enzymes that target lipid soluble drug)
Others: muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa
