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.CHEM 191 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a limiting reagent?

A

When there is a limited amount of one reactant ductort not being present in it’s exact stoichometicc when the limited reactant is used up, the reaction is complete.

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2
Q

How do you find the limiting reagent?

A

Calculate the amount in mols of each reactant consider the - stoichiometric ratio and whether One needs to be multiplied or divided.The laden value will be the limiting Reagan.

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3
Q

What makes water a good solvent

A

Polar-nature due to polar 0-h bonds

hydrogen bonding both within it’sself and with other substances.

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4
Q

What are the unique qualities of water.

A

Extremely high melting and boiling points.

Move dense in liquid form

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5
Q

What is the purpose of kc?

A

Describes the composition when it has reached equilibrium.

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6
Q

If k is large?

A

Equilibrium position has more products, so lies to theright.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of Q?

A

Describes the composition of a system at any point.

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8
Q

What does Le chatterers principle state.

A

In response to some change, the system will act to counteract the change and restore equilibrium.

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9
Q

What is the mol 1

A

Si unit for amount of substance 1 mol =6.022-1023

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10
Q

Concentration of products increases?

A

Q will be > k so the position ot e/quilibrium will move to the left.

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11
Q

If concentration at reactants increases

A

Quill be

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12
Q

Pressure increases by decreasing the volume.

A

Position of equilibrium will change to give a smaller number ot molecules (side with least number of gases molecules.)

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13
Q

Temperature is changed

A

The value of k will change, the systemwill no longer be at equilibrium., a shift will actor to restore equilibrium.

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14
Q

A catalyst is present

A

Catalysts don’t affect position of equilibrium but may increase time taken to reach equilibrium.

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15
Q

What is solubility.

A

Solubility refers to how much of a solid dissolves in a given volume of solvent, when ‘ the solution becomes saturated, equilibrium has been reached.

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16
Q

What is solubility product kip

A

Equilibrium formed between undissolved solid and dissociated ions -

17
Q

When will a ppt form?

A

When Q is greater than K

18
Q

What is the common ion effect?

A

Solubility of salt is reduced but solubility product doesn’t change.

19
Q

What is a Lewis acid and base?

A

Acid= electron pair acceptor and bas = electron pair donor.

20
Q

What are bransted lowly acids and bases?

A

Acid= proton donor and base =proton acceptan.

21
Q

What is autoprolysis?

A

Water can act as either anacidorbase,

22
Q

What is Ka and kb?

A

Measure ot acid or base strength,a greater number - greater dissociation.

23
Q

Relationship between a conjugate acid base pair.

A

If one is strong the other is weak.

24
Q

How do aqueous transition metal cations act as weak bases?

A

The cation pulls elections from away the o-ht bonds in water so thatHis released and reacts with a solvent water molecule to form h3ot..= complex ion.

25
Q

What is a buffer solution?

A

A buffer solution contains comparable amounts at a conjugate acid base pain, which. Is able to resist a change in pit when significant amounts of hyelronium or hydroxide ions are added.

26
Q

How is a buffer solution prepared?

A

Mixing a weak acid with the salt ef it’s conjugate base.or mixing weak acid with smaller amounts of strong base.

27
Q

What is buffering capacity?

A

Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added without changing the plot by more than one pl unit

28
Q

What is happening in the buffer region.?

A

Added oh- converts acidinto conjugate base, creating a buffer solution.

29
Q

What happens at the equivalence point?

A

Acid is completely neutralised by the added base, resulting Ina salt.

30
Q

What happens at the half equivalence point?

A

Ht is consumed by olf- added, forming H2O

31
Q

Equivalence point cf strong acid titration.

A

Ht is completely neutralised by oh-so plt=7

32
Q

What are diprotocacids?

A

An add that has 2 protons to donate.

33
Q

Amino acids?

A

All amino acids have both a weak acid and weak base within the same molecule.

34
Q

What are zwitterions?

A

Neutral amino acids. They contain both a negative and positive charge but the overall molecule is neutral. They act like ionic salts. -

35
Q

How do basic and acidic conditions affect zwitterions?

A

Under very and conditions they will be protonated. Under very conditions they will be deprotonated

36
Q

What are the issues with the oxidants used in chemistry

A

They are toxic, require low pH solutions and are unsekectivr.

.CHEM 191 (1 decks)

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