Module 05 Energy & Atmosphere Flashcards
EPA’s Target Finder
“helps architects and building owners set aggressive, realistic energy targets and rate a building design’s estimated energy use.” TargetFinder is also used to determine EPA’s ENERGY STAR rating for buildings.
With TargetFinder, project teams enter their building size, type, zip code, and some other variables depending on the type of building. The tool allows the team to set an energy target and then compare the project’s design energy and cost to the target energy cost through the design process. The target can then be measured against a variety of design strategies. The program outputs how much energy the average building in the area consumes and how much a high-performance building in the area would consume. This gives the project team a comparison target
In the US, Buildings account for how much Energy
36% of total energy use
65% of electricity consumption
30% of greenhouse gas emissions
Energy Star Portfolio Manager
is an interactive energy management tool that allows you to track and assess energy and water consumption across your entire portfolio of buildings in a secure online environment.
Energy Audit
will show where the energy hogs are in your building right away.An energy audit starts by determining how energy is used and then making suggestions for improvements (low/no cost versus capital intensive) that will reduce energy use and energy costs
Ways to Reduce Energy Demand
Energy Star Portfolio Manager Energy Audit Building Orientation Site Location Right Sizing Ozone Depletion Chlorofluorocarbons (CFGs) (refrigerants) Water Use
5 Natural Refrigerants
CO2 – Carbon dioxide
H2O - Water
NH3 - Ammonia
HC – Hydrocarbons, such as propane, butane, ethane, isobutene, and isopentane
Air
Energy efficiency
is the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the same function
Ways of Energy Efficiency
Building Envelope Heating and cooling Efficiencies of Scale Lighting Design Compact Fluorescents (CFLs) Appliances Building Automation System Net-Zero Energy
Building envelope problems can lead to:
high heating and cooling bills
drafts or uneven temperatures
poor indoor air quality
building deterioration
insects, noise, odors
How much does the HVAC system account for in the US
30% of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% of the energy used in residential buildings
Ways to Reduce HVAC Energy Consumption
Design American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Air Filters Natural Ventilation Underfloor Air Distribution
CFLs Consumption
Compact fluorescents emit the same amount of light as classic incandescents but use 75% or 80% less electric ity.
Lighting Control Energy Consumption
Photosensors - monitor natural daylight
Timers
Occupancy Sensors
Advanced Controls
building automation system (BAS)
can help reduce energy use by monitoring and
regulating the many systems in a building. A BAS is computer based monitoring system that allows managers to optimize how systems function.
Passive Solar
uses the structure’s windows, walls, and floors to collect, store, and distribute the sun’s heat in the winter and reduce a building’s energy demand for cooling in the summer.
geothermal heat
pump system
Is a heating and/or cooling system that uses the earth’s ability to store heat in shallow ground or water thermal masses
Also called GeoExchange
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
represent the environmental attributes of electricity produced from renewable energy sources sold separately from commodity electricity.
Commodity Electricity
is electricity that is sold without regard to how it is produced and is sold at the same price no matter what is origin
Common types of Off-Site Renewable Energy
Wind Energy
Hydro Energy
Biofuel
Wave and Tidal Power Systems
Biofuel
creates energy from renewable biological sources such as woodchips or agricultural waste. This material can be call biomass
retrocommissioning cycle for Existing Buildings
is a systematic process for investigating, analyzing, and optimizing the performance of building systems by improving their operation and maintenance to ensure their continued performance over time
How much of a buildings energy is considered to be waste
20%
Green-e
is the nation’s leading certification program for renewable energy.
Certifies renewable electricity products that meet the program’s strict environmental an consumer protection standards
Halons
are used as fire extinguishing agents, both in built-in systems and in handheld potable fire extinguishers. Halon production in the US ended in because they contribute to ozone depletion
Montreal Protocol
this is the name of an international treaty that has the goal of phasing out CFCs and HCFCs in refrigerants for new and existing equipment. This relates to ozone depletion
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
is a number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance
Passive Design
building design that takes advantage of the local climate to provide some or all of the heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation needs of the occupants
Simple Payback
takes the cost of an item or strategy and divides that number by the yearly savings that product or strategy creates
