Modul Delay Development

Question 1

a mother reports that her 10 month old boy is right handed because he reaches for most objects with that hand. She asks you if this is normal for his age. What should your answer be?

a. it is normal
b. it’s a little early but probably normal and don’t worry about it
c. it’s a little early but probably normal. it’s something that needs to be watched over time
d. it’s abnormal for a baby to have a hand preference at this age

Answer 1

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Question 2

on examination, a 6-month-old girl has a Moro, Gallant, and an asymmetric tonic neck reflex. She doesn’t support weight on her feet and in ventral suspension, she makes no attempt to extend her head or lower extremities. What is your clinical assessment given these findings?

a. persistence of the primitive reflexes for this age is normal
b. the patient is too young for postural reflexes
c. the patient most likely has developmental delay with an upper motor neuron lesion
d. the patient has hypotonia from neuromuscular weakness

Answer 2

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Question 3

what is seen when the Landau relfelx is elicited and when does it appear?

a. in the vertical position, the baby will support weight on his feet. Appears at 3-4 months of age
b. in the ventral suspension, the baby will extend their head and lower extremities. Appears at 4-5 months of age
c. in the supine position, the baby will extend the arm and leg on the side that the head is turned toward. Appears at 5-6 months of age
d. in the ventral suspension, when the back is stroked the trunk and hips swing toward the side of the stimulus. Appears at 3-4 months of age
e. in the sitting position, the baby will extend the arm and hand to catch himself and prevent falling to one side. Appears at 5-7 months of age

Answer 3

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Question 4

a babinski sign or an up going great toe on plantar stimulation is most diagnostic of an upper motor lesion in which one of the following clinical setting?

a. a 6 mo w/ up going toes on plantar stimulation
b. a 12 mo w/ up going toes on plantar stimulation
c. an 11 mo w/ up going toes on one side and a down going toe on the other side
d. a 16 mo w/ up going toes on plantar stimulation

Answer 4

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Question 5

what should be the finding on the neurological examination if baby has cerebral hypotonia

a. low tone on passive range of motion w/ preserved deep tendon reflexes
b. poor suck and root w/ low tone when crying
c. low tone when crying or at rest
d. low tone w/ diminished deep tendon reflexes

Answer 5

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Question 6

at what age would you be concerned about an infant that is not walking?

a. 12 mo
b. 14 mo
c. 16 mo
d. 18 mo

Answer 6

D

Question 7

which of the following ages would bebst fit a child who walks w/ a wide base and arms held up infront of them above the waist?

a. 24 mo
b. 30 mo
c. 18 mo
d. 14 mo

Answer 7

D

Question 8

measuring the head circumference of a 10 mo should be saved for the last of the examination for which of the following reason?

a. the infant’s cooperation is best at the end of the examination
b. infant this age usually resist having a tape measure placed around their head
c. the parent can best hold the infant at the end of the examination
d. the measurement is most accurate when done at the end of the examination

Answer 8

B

Question 9

using Denver II, you’re testing a boy that’s able to point to and name 4 out of 5 objects but he can’t tell you what the object does. These results’re most consistent w/ a boy of what age?

a. 1,5 yo
b. 2 yo
c. 3 yo
d. 4 yo

Answer 9

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Question 10

when a child is just beginning to form simple sentences, which type of wors are least likely to be left out?

a. nouns
b. pronouns
c. adjectives
d. plurals

Answer 10

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Question 11

a girl can imitate and draw a vertical or horizontal line but cannot draw a circle or copy a cross. How old is she most likely to be?

a. 18 mo
b. 24 mo
c. 36 mo
d. 48 mo

Answer 11

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Question 12

the acquisition of motor developmental milestones proceeds in a head to toe fashion. Which of the following is the best explaination for this pattern?

a. the head has the greatest cortical representation
b. tere’re more synaptic connection for motor neuron that control head & upper extremity movements
c. the frontal lobes are the first to myelinate
d. the shortest axons are the first to myelinate

Answer 12

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Question 13

the developmental process that significantly contributes to postnatal brain growth would be which one of the followiing?

a. prosencephalization
b. neuronal proliferation
c. myelination
d. dorsal induction

Answer 13

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Question 14

which one of the following maneuvers is most reliable way to test eye movements in newborns?

a. have the baby follow a finger puppet
b. turn the head and watch for the eyes to move in the opposite direction
c. use a bright light and have the baby track the light
d. have the infant follow the examiner’s face

Answer 14

C

Question 15

a 3 mo infant holds the left hand closed w/ the fingers flexed over the thumb most of the time. What is the significance of this finding?

a. this could indicate a corticospinal tract lesion in the right cerebral hemisphere
b. if the right hand were held in the same position, this would be normal for this age of infant
c. this indicates a strong grasp reflex
d. there may be a malformation of the thumb, which interferes w/ extension of the thumb on the hand.

Answer 15

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Question 16

which of the following best describes the normal posture of a newborn in the prone position?

a. the arm should be in extension w/ the legs in flexion
b. the legs and arms should be in extension
c. the legs should be in extension w/ the arms in flexion
d. the legs and arms should be in flexion

Answer 16

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Question 17

an examiner holds a 1 mo baby in vertical suspension has to adjust his grip several times in order to prevent the baby from slipping through his hands. what does this finding mean?

a. the baby’s chest circumference is small
b. the baby is struggling and fussy
c. there is low shoulder girdle tone
d. the baby should be allowed to support this weight w/ his feet

Answer 17

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Question 18

a 6 mo girl has the tendency to hold her head to the left. on examination, when her head is turned to the left, her left arm and leg extend and stay that way as she fusses and resists being held. What is the significance of this observation?

a. the baby has a right visual field deficit therefore prefers looking to the left
b. the baby has an obligate assymmetric tonic neck reflex
c. the baby has flattening of the left occiput, which causes her to turn the head to the left
d. the baby has tightness of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle that causes her to have this posture

Answer 18

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Question 19

a 2 week old baby boy has an asymmetric Moro. The left arm abducts an extends then returns to midline but the right arm doesn’t. What is the most likely explaination for this finding?

a. there is a brachial plexus palsy on the right
b. there is an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the left arm
c. there is an upper motor neuron lesion affecting the left arm
d. there has been hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that has caused the baby to have abnormal Moro

Answer 19

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Question 20

measuring the occipital-frontal head circumference provides what useful information?

a. the sutures are open
b. bone growth of the skull is normal
c. the measurement is proportional to the growth of the brain
d. it’s helpful in grading an infant’s response to restricting his head movement

Answer 20

B

Question 21

a 2 week-old boy born at term is noted to have poor tone and not feeding well. Deep tendon reflexes are present. The head circumference is 30 cm. Which of the following is the most likely explaination for the baby’s finding?

a. the baby has anterior horn cell disease causing his low tone and poor feeding
b. the baby has hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at birth
c. the baby has muscle disease causing weakness
d. the baby had an in utero insult that caused his neurological findings

Answer 21

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Question 22

a baby in prone position is able to lift up his head, look forward and support his weight on his hands. Developmentally, this is most typical for what age?

a. 1 mo
b. 3 mo
c. 6 mo
d. 9 mo

Answer 22

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Question 23

which postural reflex is the last one to be acquired?

a. lateral propping
b. parachute
c. positive support reflex
d. landau

Answer 23

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Question 24

an elongated (in the anterior-posterior dimension) thin head shape could be caused by synostosis of which one of the sutures?

a. metopic
b. coronal
c. sagital
d. lambdoid

Answer 24

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Question 25

the expected language function for a 12-mo infant would be which one of the following?

a. he has 6 meaningful words
b. he has 2 to 3 meaningful words
c. he has a non-specific dada and mama
d. he points to 2 pictures

Answer 25

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Question 26

how would you define a fine pincer grasp and what age does it typically appear?

a. . the object is raked into the palm w/ the fingers, appears at 5-6 mo
b. the thumb is used w/ the fingers to grasp the object. appears at 6-8 mo
c. the thumb and the radial fingers are used to grasp the object. appears at 8-9 mo
d. the distal thumb and index finger are used to pick up an object. appears at 10-12 mo

Answer 26

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Question 27

a baby has a stable sitting posture when placed in the sitting position and catches herself if she goes to fall. What age is this finding developmentally appropriate for?

a. 4 mo
b. 6 mo
c. 8 mo
d. 10 mo

Answer 27

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Question 28

which statement is most correct concerning crawling and creeping?

a. crawling occurs after creeping
b. crawling is asymmetric while creeping is symmetric
c. creeping is crawling on hands and knees
d. crawling occurs at 6 mo

Answer 28

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Question 29

which one of the followiing maneuvers is not a test used to assess tone in a newborn?

a. scarf sign
b. arm recoil
c. stepping
d. popliteal angle

Answer 29

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Question 30

a child can stack 4 blocks. THis ability is typical for which of the following ages?

a. 15 mo
b. 18 mo
c. 2,5 yo
d. 3 yo

Answer 30

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