Mods Test - Terrorism Flashcards
What is terrorism?
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in pursuit of mainly political aims by non-state actors.
Name some terrorist organisations?
(At least 4)
Proud boys
EDL (English defence league)
Al-Qaeda (9/11 attacks)
Hamas
IS or ISISf
Army of god
Boko haram
New IRA
FARC dissidents
What happened on 9/11?
(Rough Rundown of events)
- 3 planes depart all with 5 hijackers on board
- 8:24 the first flight is hijacked (flight 175)
- 8:42 another plane departs with 4 hijackers aboard
- 8:45 flight 11 attendant makes a phone call reporting them flying very low (got hijacked)
- 8:46 flight 11 crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center at about 490 mph
- 8:50 flight 77 hijacking begins
- 9:03 the second plane crashes into the south tower at about 590mph
- 9:37 flight 77 crashes into the pentagon and starts a violent fire killing 125 pentagon personnel
- 10:03 flight 93 crashed in a field after passengers overpower the hijackers
- 9:59 the south tower colapsed after burning for 56 minutes
- 10:28 the north tower colapsed after burning for 102 minutes
Who where behind the 9/11 attacks?
A terrorist group known as Al-Qaeda was proven to be behind the events of 9/11 after the leader at the time Osama Bin Laden confirmed the group did the attacks.
Name some far right extremist groups and beliefs they have (loosely)?
Proud boys -anti-woman, anti-LGBT, anti-immigration, and far-right ideology’s, As well as very anti-abortionist views
EDL - nationalism, nativism, populism, anti-immigration and it differs from Britain’s traditional far right due to rejecting of things like biological racism, anti-semitism, and homophobia
Just to name a few,
(They often have nationalist and more traditional views on things)
What attacks have far right extremists done / what type?
Doing violent anti protests towards things like BLM
Overturning/trying to overturn a democratic election in favour of a more right leaning candidate
Attacking events with drag queens and attacking gay bars
Attempting to assassinate left leaning politicians
The attack of abortion clinics and doctors as-well as car bombings outside of clinics
What is cyber terrorism?
Using or exploiting computer or communication networks to cause sufficient destruction or disruption to generate fear or to intimidate a society into an ideological goal
How is cyber terrorism done?
- It can be done through the dark web due to its almost impossible to track set up
- They could use malicious software programmes to hack into places like hospitals
- By using tunnelling they can get their hands on data without the company noticing and can leak it and steal our data through this
- Tricking users into clicking links therefore gaining access to the system that pressed the links
- as-well as utilising ransomware
Why would cyber terrorism be chosen over other forms?
- it can be conducted remotely from anywhere at anytime just from a screen
- it can be done anonymously and is hard to track back to one person
- it’s much cheaper than things like bombing as all you need is a laptop
- it can be widespread and very damaging easily
What is Islamic state (IS)?
Islamic state —also known as ISIS and ISIL— was a group of rebel extremists jihadi Islamic fundamentalists. They originally started as an Al-Qaeda cell but had since become a separate group due to members of Al-Qaeda viewing them as too extreme and unpredictable
The groups aim is to establish a “caliphate”/ a state or country ruled by a single political and religious leader called a caliph
What changed ISIS / pushed them back?
IS lost control of their “caliphate” due to repeated air raids and bombing campaigns sent by the US and Russian air forces with support from the UK, France along with Syrian and Iraqi governments leading to the defeat of IS
What is radicalisation?
Radicalisation is the process by which individuals or groups come to adopt extreme political, social and religious views and reject all other views regardless of logic
Who are at most risk for radicalisation?
- Young men due to their Impressionism at such young ages
- People in debt or poor because groups may radicalise by giving out food to only white people to indoctrinate them to their views by doing something good for them
- and people with bad home life
etc…
What reasons are there for giving terrorist the death penalty instead of prison?
- Prison isn’t an effective punishment for terrorists as the prison environment is still better than death for some because you get food, a shower, and bed
- prison is too much mercy for killers and people believe that if you have killed brutally you should be killed brutally
- in prison they could influence and indoctrinate others by chatting of their views
- it can help with recruitment and add more to these organisations supporters
- it’s the only way to truly deter people of those acts
What reasons are there for giving terrorist prison instead of the death penalty?
- prison is the best solution because it takes their freedom and ability to commit more attacks
- they could come out better due to rehabilitation and be given a second chance at life
- the terrorist may find comfort in the death penalty and see it as an easy way out due to their common religious beliefs
- eve nominally the cost of all the death penalty’s far exceeds the cost to keep a prisoner confined in a prison
What is counter terrorism?
Counter terrorism incorporates the practice, military tactics, techniques and strategy that the government, military, law enforcement, business and intelligence agencies use to combat or prevent terrorism
What methods are used as a form of counter terrorism?
Con = conventional
Ext = extreme
Ext -
bombs like trumps “mother of all bombs”
Air raids/ strikes
Assassinations of leaders like Osama bin laden
Hit squads
Con -
Information gathering to stop attacks before they happen
Using groups with terrorist connections to negotiate and solve conflicts
Body scanners in airports
Scanning shoes in airports
Tighter restrictions in hand luggage and liquids aloud aboard the plane
Tighter controls on who gets into airports like checking criminal history’s
Finger prints and retina scans
What reason are extreme counter terrorism measures viewed badly by some?
-They kill innocent civilians
-Which in turn can turn civilians against them and towards terrorist organisations having the opposing effect on these places
-It can convince organisations to be more extreme and attack more violent and Brutally for the sake of revenge
- as well as that methods like killing the leaders of organisation could lead to more irresponsible people taking control and being even more damaging
