Modernism: Final

Question 1

Impressionism

Answer 1

is an account of how the world of reality affects the describer (how the eye processes light, color, and shape). It is, thus, a subjective account of an objective world.

Question 2

Expressionism:

Answer 2

Expressionism is an account of the describer’s internalized concept of the world. It becomes a theatre of the subconscious. It is, thus, a subjective account of a wholly subjective world. An account of one’s own “reality.”

Question 3

Selendrama:

Answer 3

“Soul Drama” The world is reduced to a single vision of the protagonist. It becomes their selendrama or “soul drama.”

Question 4

Cubism

Answer 4

is conceptual. It is how the artist thinks about the objective world from multiple angles. The founders of Cubism, Picasso and Braque, will also experiment with collage.

Question 5

Messianic Drama

Answer 5

A Revolt against a failed God. The playwright attempts to create a new spiritual movement. Its chief philosopher is Nietzsche. It includes the early work of Ibsen, the late work of George Bernard Shaw, the early work of O’Neill, and the operas of Richard Wagner. *Holding a mirror up to God.

Question 6

. Existential Drama

Answer 6

A Revolt against existence. The opposite of the Messianic Revolt, as it concludes that there is no god or any possibility of “salvation” in a meaningless world. Its chief philosophers are Sartre and Camus. We will return to this in two weeks with Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot. *Holding a mirror up to the Void.

Question 7

Modern Drama:

Answer 7

Messianic Revolt

Social Revolt

Existential Revolt

Question 8

Realism vs. Naturalism

Answer 8

Realism: Through Protest attempts to affect change. Naturalism: Through an almost photographic reportage, presents life as it is: “a slice of life.” Ibsen on Zola: “Zola descends to the gutter to bathe in it, while I descend there to cleanse it!”

Question 9

Agon

Answer 9

Classically, is between a drama’s protagonist(s) and antagonist(s). In Expressionism, the audience is the antagonist. The audience represents the world.

Question 10

Elements of expressionist drama

Answer 10

The dialogue is frequently in the form of direct address to the audience. •A later term for this type of delivery was the schrei or “the scream.” •The dialogue is delivered in an urgent telegraphese: quick, abbreviated language, often stream of consciousness. Tangled lines of language spooling out.

Question 11

stationendrama

Answer 11

•Many of the plays are constructed like stationendrama, or the dramas often enacted around the Christian “Stations of the Cross” (a staple of Medieval Mystery plays). •The plays follow the protagonist through a series of agonies, ultimately leading to their destruction: From the beginning to the end of their agonies. O’Neill’s Hairy Ape is in Eight Scenes, Treadwell’s Machinal is in Nine Episodes. Each episode is like a station of the cross..

Question 12

Sophie Treadwell

Answer 12

From California; Mother was Scottish and Father was Mexican. Spent time at providence town theatre interviews Pancho Villa. Her first play on broadway was Gringo, inspired by Pancho Villa. Next play nightingale, not very successful on broadway. Then Machinal 1928; open 9 months after Snyder execution.

Question 13

Expressionism vs. CUBISM

Answer 13

Emotional vs intelectual

Question 14

Avant- garde

Answer 14

new and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them. Avant-garde is the French military term for “vanguard” or “advance guards.” It was first used to describe radical art movements in 1825, although we tend to associate it with the latter 19th century and twentieth century.

Question 15

Schrei

Answer 15

a piercing scream

Question 16

Telegraphese

Answer 16

the terse, abbreviated style of language used in telegrams.

Question 17

In terms of Theatre and Drama, the following avant-garde movements are important:

Answer 17

Symbolism, Expressionism, Dada, Surrealism, Bauhaus, Constructivism, Futurism, Fluxus.

Question 18

The gringo

Answer 18

Question 19

Robert Edmond Jones

Answer 19

Question 20

Machinal

Answer 20

Question 21

Massacre of Lviv professors

Answer 21

Question 22

Auschiwitz

Answer 22

Question 23

1944

Answer 23

Question 24

Feb 13-15, 1945

Answer 24

Question 25

The toll of war

Answer 25

Question 26

Samual Beckett

Answer 26

Question 27

James Joyce

Answer 27

Question 28

Beckett in France, 1938-1989

Answer 28

Question 29

Existential Drama

Answer 29

A

Revolt against

existence. The

opposite of the Messianic Revolt,

as it concludes that there is no

god or any possibility of

“salvation” in a meaningless

world.

*Holding a mirror up to

the

Void.

Question 30

The basic tenets of existentialism

Answer 30

Question 31

Basic tenets of exitentialism 2

Answer 31

Question 32

In reading waiting for godot

Answer 32

Question 33

The production that changed everything, California, November 19, 1957

Answer 33

From stationendrama to a drama of stasis: One single station

Question 34

Art is not a mirror held up to reality

Answer 34

Question 35

Bertolt Brecht

Answer 35

Comes to Drama through Poetry

• Associated with Epic Theatre
• A Theatre of Political Reality
• Greatest impact on Germany,

Britain, Brazil, the United

States, and India

Question 36

Cabarets and Chaos

Answer 36

Berlin

is

the

cultural center

Brecht influenced by cabaret scene

The Rise of National

Socialism:

Rampant

inflation

Economic downturn

“

Brown Shirts” promote Hitler’s agenda

Question 37

Aristotle vs Brecht

Answer 37

Question 38

The rise of Nationalism

Answer 38

Question 39

Brect moves toward

Answer 39

Question 40

This creates the V effect

Answer 40

Question 41

Edward Said (1935-2003)

Answer 41

Question 42

Back to brecht

Answer 42

Anti-Aristotelian.

Episodic in structure. Anti-

Cathartic, in that an audience isn’t allowed to

become emotionally invested.

•

Theatre should demonstrate social conditions,

not merely imitate them without

comment.

•

Instead of relying on suspense, theatre should

encourage audiences to interrogate why things

happen the way they do. If you are surprised by

an event, you respond emotionally. If you know

the outcome of an event as you watch it unfold,

you respond critically.

Question 43

Brecht’s

Verfremdungseffekt

:

Estrangement (formerly translated as

“Alienation”)

Answer 43

Distances the audience from empathy, plot,catharsis

• Lets you see true “realism” – the social and political powers at work on the characters
• Character is not defined by emotion, but social

[I would add “cultural”] relationships

Question 44

Gestus:

Answer 44

The “V-Effect” though physical action

• Shows the social “realism” of the character: Class, Gender, Position, Nationality
• Socially [culturally] encoded actions

and expressions; social conditioning

Mei Lanfang: Perhaps China’s greatest

“Dan”: A male actor who specializes in female roles.

Song is a Dan

Question 45

Other Dans in Chinese-American Drama:

Answer 45

Chay Yew’s

Red

(1998)

“We know How women are to behave.

How women are to move. To Talk. To grace the earth.

Femininity is created for men by men.

Femininity is an art.”

Question 46

“I have known, and been loved by…the Perfect Woman.”

“I was in love with a woman created by a man, and now

everything else simply falls short.”

“We are all prisoners of our own time and

space”

Answer 46

Gallimard

Question 47

Why are women’s roles played

by men?…Because only a man knows

how a woman should act.”

Answer 47

song

Question 48

The Legacy of Blackface:

Answer 48

T.D. Rice (1808-1860)

•Founded American Blackface

Minstrelsy.

• Developed the character of “Jim

Crow,” whose name now has other

appalling connotations connected to

it.

Daniel Decatur Emmett (1815-1904)

• Blackface performer who claimed authorship of

the song “Dixie,” which became the South’s

anthem (and remains so). A celebration of

slavery from a “slave’s” point of view.

Question 49

Considered America’s first

“masterpiece”

Answer 49

Question 50

Digging into the Collective

Unconscious:

Answer 50

“The collective unconscious—so far as

we can say anything about it at

all—appears to consist of mythological

motifs or primordial images, for which

reason the myths of all nations are its real

exponents…

We can therefore study the collective unconscious in two

ways, either in mythology or in the analysis of the

individual”

—Carl Jung,

The Structure of the Psyche Operating as racial memory in Parks. Digging into the (Under)ground

Question 51

Playwright Georgia Douglas Johnson (

Answer 51

Her one-act play, A Sunday Morning in the South (1924), established a subgenre of anti-lynching plays.

Question 52

The Postcolonial: Two Definitions

Answer 52

Question 53

Bertolt Brecht’s theories of drama and theatre were in opposition to this greek philosopher?

Answer 53

Aristotle

Question 54

Sophie Treadwell’s Machinal is an American example of this type of drama?

Answer 54

American expressionistic drama

Question 55

The German term Stationendrama comes from the medieval theatre’s performance of this religious event?

Answer 55

its always a man’s stuggle– cruxification

Question 56

In his the birth of tragedy, the german philospher Friedrich Nietzsche divided the human psycho between the god Apollo and this god

Answer 56

Dionysis

Question 57

She died in the electric chair at sing-sing prison?

Answer 57

Martha M. Place (September 18, 1849 – March 20, 1899) was an American murderer and the first woman to die in the electric chair. She was executed on March 20, 1899 at Sing Sing Correctional Facility for the murder of her stepdaughter Ida Place.

Question 58

Who was Wole Soyinka inspired by?

Answer 58

Euripides

Question 59

In Yoruba religious practice, this is a type of robe worn by a shaman?

Answer 59

amulet-robes of the Shamans

Question 60

What is one of Suzan-Lori parks signiture devies

Answer 60

repetition and revision, the technique popular with jazz composers and musicians (and echoing the cadence of Aftrican American oral traditions, including preaching), of repeating a phrase over and over again while varying it slightly each time.

Question 61

Where is Suzan lori parks The America Play set?

Answer 61

In a “great hole” somewhere in the American West. “an exact replica”” of the great hole of history a fitional theme park located back east where a parade of historical figures emerge and march by for the audience’s entertainment.

Question 62

All history repeats itself, Karl Marx famously observed:

Answer 62

The first time as tragedy, the second time as farce.

The foundling father is flanked by a pasteboard cutout and bust of lincoln, to which he fequently gestures, he collects the pennies that bear lincoln’s profile’ and he carries with him the props by which the legendary president is identified in the popular imagination’ black coar, stovepipe hat, and an assortment of beards (including a blond one, which he rarely wears because it undermines the ilusion?

Question 63

What does the foundling father refer to himself as

Answer 63

the lesser known in contrast to the great man.

a foundling is a child of unknown parentage

Question 64

What is M. Butterfly based on?

Answer 64

A true story of a french diplomat and chinese opera star, and the opera madame butterfly (pinkerton, madame butterfly falls in love with and when pickerton comes back with wife m butterfly kills herself. this exemplifies western fantasy of the east. Such a concept of the “Orient” as edward Said argued in his influential book orientalism.