Modern Synthesis and Phylogenetics

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

Visual representation of evolutionary History of Population

Question 2

Root

Answer 2

The ancestral lineage on a phylogenetic tree

Question 3

Node

Answer 3

Most recent common ancestor on a Phylogenetic tree

Question 4

Branch

Answer 4

Some sort of change to take us from point A to point B

Question 5

Tips

Answer 5

Modern descendent on a phylogenetic tree

Question 6

Gene expression

Answer 6

Process by which information from a gene is transformed into a product

Question 7

Examples of Gene expression Regulation

Answer 7

Transcription Factors
Histone acetylation
DNA methylation

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

Any change to the genomic sequence

Question 9

Germaine mutations

Answer 9

Affect the gametes, IS HERITABLE

Question 10

Somatic Mutation

Answer 10

A mutation in any of the body cells, NOT HERITABLE

Question 11

MicroRNA

Answer 11

Small, highly conserved non-coding RNA. Involved in the regulation of Gene expression

Question 12

Recombination

Answer 12

DNA segments are are exchanged durning Crossing over, produces recombinant chromosomes

Question 13

Independent assortment

Answer 13

The random distribution of homologous chromosomes pairs during meiosis

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

The actual genes

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

The observable trait (i.e. eye color)

Question 16

Polymorphism

Answer 16

Variation in discrete traits

Question 17

Polyphenism

Answer 17

A single genotype that can be expressed in multiple ways and how it is expressed is determined by environmental factors

Question 18

Synapomorphy

Answer 18

Shared, derived characteristic

Question 19

Monophyletic

Answer 19

Most recent common ancestor and all decendants