modern psychology

Question 1

Modern Pespectives in Psychology

Answer 1

ideas of early psychologists that have been incorporated in the different perspectives that psychologists use today

Each perspective offers a different explanation on how an illness may have developed

Question 2

Humanistic perspective

Answer 2

focuses on the present and what can be done to help thrive in a situation rather than explanations based on what happened in the past

Question 3

Humanistic approach

Answer 3

will focus on developing one’s sense of worth and allow a person to make their own choices that will lead to healing.

Question 4

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 4

behaviour is a product of the unconscious mind and repressed needs/defense mechanisms

Question 5

psychodynamic approach

Answer 5

will focus on surfacing one’s unconscious needs and conflicts to make more conscious informed decisions

Question 6

behavioral perspective

Answer 6

behavior is learned through reward and punishment

Question 7

behavioral approach

Answer 7

will remove the rewards maintaining the illness and creates a reward system whenever a positive action is done

Question 8

cognitive perspective

Answer 8

behavior is a product of mental processes such as thinking, beliefs, problem solving, memory in relation to relationships with society and culture

Question 9

cognitive approach

Answer 9

would spend time training in identifying and refuting irrational beliefs

Question 10

biopsychological perspective

Answer 10

behavior is determined by biological events such as hormones, genes, brain activity

Question 11

biopsychological approach

Answer 11

would likely give medication that will help regulate hormone levels.

Question 12

socio-cultural perspective

Answer 12

behavior and mental processes are influenced by one’s social and cultural environment

Question 13

socio-cultural approach

Answer 13

will likely advise patient to minimize exposure to something that makes their mental health worse like social media

Question 14

evolutionary perspective

Answer 14

behavior is a function for survival. uses biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share that is a a genetic behavior passed on, so it does not leave room for change

Question 15

evolutionary approach

Answer 15

Looks at the way the mind works and focused on explaining behaviors rather than changing them

Question 16

why is multi-perspective approach important

Answer 16

• necessary for a holistic understanding of the individual
• each perspective gives a different perspective about the person and solutions on improving a behavior.

Otherwise, we’ll be missing the bigger picture.
Putting all pieces together can create a complete picture

Question 17

Perceivable Question

Answer 17

Specific, clear, and must be empirical (can be answered with observable and measurable data)

Question 18

Hypothesis

Answer 18

Also known as: tentative explanation. Should be based on theory or an explanation for a set of observation that have been found to be true most of the time.

Question 19

Why should hypotheses be based on theories?

Answer 19

information might contradict our biases (falsification)

Question 20

Test

Answer 20

• Hypothesis will be tested

- instead of looking for confirmatory evidence (a process called verification), actively seek out the true explanation.

Question 21

Why is testing the hypothesis important

Answer 21

People have a tendency to notice only things that agree with their view of the world, a kind of selective perception called confirmation bias. It’s done to prevent this.

Question 22

conclusions

Answer 22

drawn based on the evidence collected that try to answer the research question.

Question 23

Importance of report, revise, replicate

Answer 23

• Sharing information is how science grows

- way of checking and validating the merits of the methods and findings.

Question 24

Scientific methods of psychology

Answer 24

1. Perceive questions
2. Hypothesize
3. Test
4. Draw conclusions
5. Report, revise, replicate

Question 25

Importance of ethics in research

Answer 25

ensures that participants are protected from harm

Question 26

4 major principles of ethics in research

Answer 26

1. Scientific soundness
2. Respect for persons
3. Non-maleficence and beneficence
4. Justice

Question 27

Scientific soundness

Answer 27

• adequate justification for the research
• human participants are necessary
• rigorous procedures are in place
• researchers are competent in conducting the research.

Question 28

Respect for persons

Answer 28

upholding the right of each participant to autonomy by giving them voluntary choice to join the study after being informed of its nature, purpose, risks, and benefits.

Question 29

Non-maleficence and beneficence

Answer 29

means that risks are minimized and that they are reasonable given the anticipated benefits to society.

Question 30

Justice

Answer 30

indicates mean just compensation for our participants and that the benefits and burdens of the study are equally shared

those who take the greatest risks should also receive the most benefit from the information that will be collected.