Modern Medicine Flashcards
1
Q
What were the things revolved around Pain?
A
- anaesthetics that could be injected into blood developed (longer operations)
- local anaesthetics targeted particular areas so patient can stay awake
2
Q
What were the things revolved around Infection?
A
- Carrel-Deakin (WW1) using tubes to administer antiseptics to wound continuously
- x-rays (1895 but in WW1) improved success rate of bullet removal
- technology using mini cameras reduced need for large cuts
3
Q
What were the things revolved around Loss of blood?
A
- blood transfusions
- blood groups founded in 1901
4
Q
What were the things revolved around Environment?
A
- surgeons wore full PPE
- scrub hands with anti-microbe solution
- operating theatres are clean and germ-free
5
Q
What were the impacts of WW1 on surgery?
A
- Thomas Splint (repair broken bones)
- modern triage system (treating most severely injured first)
- plastic surgery to treat soldiers suffering from body mutilations (skin grafts, jaw splints, replacement cheeks)
6
Q
What were the impacts of WW2 on surgery?
A
- Sir Archibald McIndoe further developed skin grafts (treated 4000 men in Battle of Britain)
- eye surgery (leading to cataract operations)
7
Q
Who was Harold Gillies? (1882-1960)
A
- surgeon
8
Q
What did Harold Gillies do?
A
- developed techniques to reconstruct parts of the body
- set up a specialist facial injury care unit
- specialist Queen’s hospital established
- jaw wiring, skin grafts
- 11000+ operations
9
Q
What impacts does the development of technology have on surgery?
A
- radiotherapy + chemotherapy
- keyhole surgery
- eye surgery
- imaging technology (CT, MRI) allow surgeons to view tissue and bone in 3D
- transplant + open heart surgery (first heart transplant in 1967)
- doctors now regularly do multiple organ transplants
10
Q
How were techniques spread?
A
- books
- people
