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History > Modern medicine > Flashcards

Modern medicine Flashcards

1900- present

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1
Q

True or false:
People still believed in miasma

A

false

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2
Q

What did Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins do?

A

They created images of DNA using x-rays in 1951

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3
Q

What did Crick and Watson do?

A

Saw the x-rays by Franklin and Wilkins and built a model of DNA.

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4
Q

How did Franklin and Wilkins help Crick and Watson?

A

Added further details and corrections to their model to solve the puzzle of the structure of DNA and discovered it was in the shape of a double helix

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5
Q

What was the impact of discovery of genetics?

A

Understanding how each part of the genome affects the body helps scientists to identify what causes genetic disorders

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6
Q

True or false:
The discovery of genes led scientists to create treatments

A

false- not led yet to treatments

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7
Q

What are the problems with smoking?

A

. High blood pressure and heart disease
. Gum disease
. Cancers (throat, mouth, lung)

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8
Q

What common technologies have been invented for diagnosis?

A

. CT scans
. Blood test
. Blood pressure monitors
. X-rays
. MRI scans

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9
Q

What are CT scans?

A

More advanced X-rays. Used to diagnose cancer.

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10
Q

What is an endoscope?

A

A tiny camera that you swallow to diagnose problems with digestive system

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11
Q

What is a ‘magic bullet’?

A

A cure that would attack the microbes causing disease whilst leaving body unharmed

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12
Q

How was the first magic bullet made?

A

Paul Ehrlich tested 600 compounds to cure syphilis but had not found one that worked.

Hata retested all of the compounds and found that compound 606 worked.

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13
Q

What was the first antibiotic and how was it created?

A

Penicillin

Alexander Fleming left a petri dish growing bacteria. He found mould growing and realised it secreted antibacterial juice that could be used as an antibiotic.

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14
Q

What technology made it easier to create drugs?

A

. mass production
. the development of capsules

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15
Q

What does the NHS stand for?

A

The National Health Service

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16
Q

When was the NHS set up?

A

1948

17
Q

What was good about the NHS? What still had to change?

A

Access had improved (available to all)

Standard of care had not improved

18
Q

What technologies are used to treat lung cancer?

A

Chemotherapy- injected with drugs to shrink cancer or reduce symptoms

Radiotherapy- shrink tumours

Transplants

19
Q

What is keyhole surgery?

A

Tiny cameras and surgical instruments to perform an operation with just a tiny cut.

20
Q

What is radiotherapy used for?

A

Shrinking tumours

21
Q

What did the government do to prevent disease?

A

1) more vaccinations became compulsory

2) passed laws to provide a healthier environment

22
Q

Give an example of a law that was passed to provide a healthy environment

A

Clean Air Act

23
Q

What did Florey and Chain do?

A

Tested penicillin on mice. Built a penicillin factory to use pure penicillin on humans.

24
Q

What was the issue with Florey and Chains treatment?

A

They ran out of penicillin as they couldn’t make produce it fast enough

25
Q

True or false:
Alexander Fleming developed penicillin

A

False
He discovered it but Florey and Chain developed it.

26
Q

What allowed penicillin to be used as a common treatment?

A

Mass production

27
Q

True or false:
Penicillin is a treatment and a prevention

A

True

28
Q

How did government change behaviour/ passed laws to force change of behaviour to prevent lung cancer?

A

. banned smoking in workplaces
. raised legal age of tobacco from 16-18
. increased tax on tobacco products

29
Q

How did the government influence/ persuade people to change behaviour to prevent lung cancer?

A

. limited tobacco advertising
. produced anti-smoking campaigns
. all cigarettes must be removed from display in shops

30
Q

What technologies are used to diagnose lung cancer?

A

CT scan

31
Q

What are the negative effects of x-rays?

A

exposure to radiation can be harmful

History (8 decks)

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