Modern liberalism

Question 1

when did modern liberalism emerge?

Answer 1

• in the 19th century as a reaction to free-market capitalism

Question 2

what is formal equality?

Answer 2

• equal status/treatment of all members of society regardless of social background
• involves the abolition of artificial distinctions such as gender inequality and class divisions
• argued by Freidan

Question 3

What is positive freedom?

Answer 3

• John Rawls argued for an enabling state that would intervene in society and the economy to ensure equality of opportunity
• Betty Freidan argued for the state playing a greater role to ensure equality for women
• the state plays a positive role to assist individuals to achieve their dreams and aspirations and to develop individuals

Question 4

what does the term enabling state refer to?

Answer 4

• a state that does not necessarily provide for people directly but creates conditions where people can help themselves
• i.e education.

Question 5

what is Keynesian economics

Answer 5

• a system of economic management where the state directly intervenes to stimulate the economy in order to achieve full employment and economic growth.