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Modern Latin American > Modern Latin American EXAM 1 > Flashcards

Modern Latin American EXAM 1 Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Latin America

A

Region with 25 countries, 667 million people, from Mexico to Argentina

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2
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

A city where Mexico City is located, scene from Diego Rivera

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3
Q

Battle of Tenochtitlan

A

conflict from 1519-1521

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4
Q

Cathedral, Mexico City

A

highly significant religious structure

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5
Q

slaves in Brazil

A

Millions taken, especially in the 19th century, didn’t end until 1888

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6
Q

Busch Captain, Brazil

A

hunted and recaptured runaway slaves

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7
Q

Sugar Mill Brazil 1835

A

established by Rugendas significant in sugar production

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8
Q

Theme of modernization

A

focus on progress and development

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9
Q

Porfirio Diaz

A

Modernized Mexico with ideas, overthrown in 1911 ruled from 1876-1911

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10
Q

Emiliano Zapata

A

underdog figure in the Mexican Revolution and occupied Mexico City with Villa Land and Liberty, killed in 1919

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11
Q

Lazaro Cardenas

A

From 193401940 nationalized Mexican oil in 1938, took oil from Americans and British no longer private property. Mexico ran OWN industry company name example PEMEX -> the Mexican petroleum economy

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12
Q

Tio Sam

A

representation of USA involvement for profit

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13
Q

Juscelino Kubistchek

A

Leader of Brazil from 1956-1961, focused on development and building

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14
Q

Favelas

A

poor living areas, common in Mexico and Argentina

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15
Q

Fidel Castro

A

Leader who turned Cuba into a communist country

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16
Q

Che Guevara

A

important figure in Cuban history, from Argentina

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17
Q

Salvador Allende

A

socialist president of Chile

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18
Q

Archbishop Oscar Romero

A

assassinated in El Salvador for outspokenness of violence during the Civil War, now a saint

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19
Q

Pope Francis

A

current pope, from Argentina

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20
Q

Colonial background

A

under Portuguese and Spanish rule

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21
Q

Hernan Cortez

A

conqueror of Aztecs, faced challenges

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22
Q

Mercantilism

A

wealth through trade, prevalent in colonial era

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23
Q

Father Miguel Hidalgo

A

Key leader in Mexican Independence movement

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24
Q

Caudillo

A

strongman rule, common in Mexican history

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25
Q

the caudillos

A

military strongman maintaining order in weak states

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26
Q

populist

A

the leaders appealing to the masses needs and desires

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27
Q

totalitarian system

A

a regime with absolute control over public and private life

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28
Q

Mazorca

A

secret police enforcing rule through brutal tactics

29
Q

La Reforma

A

reform laws in Mexico hastening colonial transition

30
Q

Paseo de la reforma

A

avenue in Mexico City symbolizing reform and process

31
Q

Benito Juarez

A

native Mexican president symbolizing liberalism and nationalism

32
Q

Ley Juarez

A

law abolishing special courts in Mexico

33
Q

Ley Lerdo

A

law prohibiting corporate ownership of real estate

34
Q

war of reform

A

conflicts in Mexico over liberal reforms, from 1858-1860

35
Q

Archduke Maximilian

A

French-backed emperor of Mexico during French intervention

36
Q

Mulatto

A

a person of mixed white and black ancestry

37
Q

one drop rule

A

classification based on any African or Native ancestry

38
Q

Whitening

A

encouraging European immigration to ‘whiten’ the population

39
Q

anti-clerical

A

highly critical of the Catholic priesthood

40
Q

Portifriato

A

-modernization movement in Mexico and Afro-Latin America
-period of rule in Mexico by Porfioro Diaz, epitomizing modernization

41
Q

positivism

A

philosophy emphasizing order and progress, influential in Porfiriato

42
Q

Foreign investment

A

allowing billions of dollars from other countries into Mexico

43
Q

railroad construction

A

building 10,000 miles oof tracks in Mexico by British and American companies

44
Q

banking control

A

British dominance over banking in Mexcio during Profiriato

45
Q

Oil discovery

A

finding oil Mexico in the early 1900’s controlled by Americans and British

46
Q

Mining industry

A

American control over mines in northern Mexico, especially copper

47
Q

agriculture cash crops

A

growing sisal plants for carpet production, causing controversy

48
Q

Pax Porfiriana

A

era of relative peace in Mexico under Porfirio Diaz’s rule

49
Q

Los Rurales

A

countryside police force enforcing law, executing violators

50
Q

Ley Fuga

A

fugitive law allowing execution upon capture, creating a sense of security

51
Q

Yaqui Case

A

the indigenous people forced to work on plantations, resisting for centuries

52
Q

Urban proletariat

A

city workers unhappy with conditions, leading to strikes

53
Q

rising nationalism

A

growing pride in Mexican nation, challenging forge in influence

54
Q

Mexican Revolution

A

revolutionary movement in Mexico from 1910 onwards, ending in 1929

55
Q

Francisco Madero

A

the first revolutionary president of Mexico in 1911, advocated for new elections and land ownership reforms
-overthrown by Huerto

56
Q

Victoriano Huerta

A

overthrew Madero in 1913, executed Vice President and president, leading to over 1 million deaths

57
Q

constitutionalists

A

fighters of the Mexican Revolution, opposed by counter revolutionaries, led by Carranza

58
Q

Venustiano Carranza

A

defeated Huerta, main leader of constitutionalists, ruled from 1914-1919, supported new constitution in 1917

59
Q

article 27

A

in the Mexican constitution 1917, states that the state owns land resources, allowing for redistribution of land

60
Q

Obregon

A

key general from the northwest, lost his arm in a battle, become a powerful politician supporting the government elected president in 1920

61
Q

Pancho Villa

A

Cattle rustler turned revolutionary leader, fought against the government, worse a British helmet, and committed terrorism in 1916 and was NOT captured

62
Q

Pershing

A

general who led the US military expedition into Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa in 1916

63
Q

Zapatismo

A

support for land reform in Mexico, associated with Emiliano Zapata and his followers

64
Q

PEMEX

A

Mexican petroleum company nationalized in 1938, symbolizing Mexico’s control over its oil industry

65
Q

Cristero War

A

armed conflict from 1926-1929 in Mexico, opposing the anti-religious measures of the government, bc of dimension in Church power, called was president during this time frame

66
Q

PRI

A

revolutionary institutional party founded in 1929, dominated Mexican politics until 2000

67
Q

Marine occupation

A

foreign occupation of Mexican port cities during the revolution, reflecting foreign interest in the region

68
Q

1968 Olympics in Mexico City

A

US athletes called attention to racism in the US and government massacred 100s of people bc they were protesting against racism

Modern Latin American (1 decks)

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