Modern Industrial and Commercial Practice Flashcards
Scale of production
The use of particular manufacturing methods to suit the anticipated volume of sales
Bespoke (one-off) production
Products that are designed and manufactured to individual specifications
Requires highly shilled workers
Expensive
Batch production
The manufacture of groups of products to increase efficiency and economy
Mass production
Making large numbers of products in highly mechanised factories
Division of labour
Organising a manufacturing workforce with specialists executing each task
Line production
Efficient linear execution of sequential mass production operations
Unit production systems (UPS)
The use of overhead transporter devices to improve factory efficiency — organised, efficient and syncronised, computer controlled
Quick response manufacturing (qrm)
Use of mainly computer-based technologies to make low-volume, costomised products efficiently and competitively - reduces lead times
Vertical integration / vertical in-hous production
Setting up to manufacture parts and sub-assemblies rather than buying them in
Modular / cell production
CNC machines, robots and AGV’s organised in groups for efficient, flexible manufacturing
Line production
Efficient linear execution of sequential mass production operations
Just in time (JIT)
Manufacture of products as needed, in response to existing orders
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
Production mainly using CNC and robot based cells to carry out bespoke and batch production to suit demand
Standardised components
Parts made to a common, interchangeable, standard, such as bolts and light bulbs
Bought- in components
Parts that are sourced from external suppliers
Sub-assembly
A self-contained, separately manufactured element incorporated in a final product’s assembly
Advantages of one-off / bespoke production
Unique, high quality individually designed
Disadvantages of one-off / bespoke production
Expensive, more shilled workers required, set-up of individual manufacturing process fewer economies of scale
Advantages of batch production
Efficient, cost-effective, once manufacturing process has been established, additional products can be easily made - jigs, fixtures + CNC machines facilitate more accurate and faster production of parts
Advantages of mass /line production
Highly organised manufacturing system, large volumes of products produced
Disadvantages of mass /line production
Highly automated means workers jobs may be replaced, if something goes wrong they have to shut down the entire line
Scaling -up production
The suitability of materials and processes changes with the scale of production
Economic use of materials
Professional woodworkers often use software to plan now to cut multiple parts where the parts are nested economically
A product with a strong structural integrity can economise on materials
