Modern History Commissions Flashcards
Peel Commission (1856)
Purpose: Military Affairs. Details: Native army should be composed of different nationalities and castes which have to be mixed across regiments.
Kitchener Reforms (1903)
Purpose: Military Affairs. Details: Unified all Presidency armies into one Indian Army.
Attribution Commission (1866)
Purpose: Public Services. Details: Drop the terms Covenanted and Uncovenanted.
Islington Commission (1912)
Purpose: Public Services. Details: Classify Civil Services into Imperial, Provincial, and Subordinate. No simultaneous exams in India and England.
Mountford Reforms (1919)
Purpose: Public Services. Details: Raised the age limit to 23 from 18 (set in 1878 by Lytton).
Lee Commission (1924)
Purpose: Public Services. Details: Abolish Statutory Civil Services (set by Lytton).
Calcutta Madrasa (1780)
Purpose: Oriental Education. Details: Established for promoting traditional Islamic education.
Fort William College (1800)
Purpose: Civil Servants Training. Details: Established to train civil servants in Indian languages and culture.
Warren Hastings (1835)
Purpose: English Education. Details: Recommended spending Rs 1 lakh annually on promoting modern education in India.
Macaulay Minute on Education Policy (1835)
Purpose: Education. Details: Recommended English as the medium of higher education.
Bentinck’s Resolution (1835)
Purpose: European Science and Literature. Details: English should be made the medium of higher education.
Charles Wood Despatch (1854)
Purpose: Education. Details: Laid stress on female and vocational education. Secular education in Govt schools and grants to encourage private enterprise.
Hunter Commission (1882-1883)
Purpose: Education. Details: Recommended English medium for higher studies and vernaculars at the school level. Hierarchy of vernacular primary schools, Anglo-vernacular schools, and affiliating universities.
Sadler University Commission (1917-1919)
Purpose: Education. Details: Recommended separate boards for secondary and intermediate education. Schools course for 12 years as a precondition for a 3-year degree course.
Sergeant Plan of Education (1944)
Purpose: Education. Details: Establishment of elementary and high schools, introduction of universal and free compulsory education, and abolition of intermediate courses.
Campbell Commission (1866)
Purpose: Famine. Details: Addressed the Orissa Famine of 1866. District officers were made responsible for preventing deaths.
Strachey Commission (1880)
Purpose: Famine. Details: Developed a Provisional Famine Code. Recommended irrigation facilities to prevent droughts.
Lyall Commission (1896)
Purpose: Famine. Details: Addressed the Famine of 1896-1897. Policy of moral strategy with distribution of advances.
Anthony McDonnell Commission (1902)
Purpose: Famine. Details: Addressed the Famine of 1899-1900. Appointed a Relief Commissioner.
Plague Commission (1897)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Investigated the plague in Pune and Bombay. Led to the assassination of W.C. Rand by the Chapekar Brothers.
Sedition Committee (1919)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Investigated revolutionary activities. Led to the Rowlatt Act, which allowed arrests without trial.
William Hunter Commission (1920)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Investigated the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Condemned General Dyer’s actions but could not impose penal action.
Whitley Commission (1924)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Investigated the working of the constitution set up in 1921 under the GoI Act, 1919. Checked problems arising out of Dyarchy.
Simon Commission (1927)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Investigated constitutional reforms. Indians boycotted it as it had no Indian members. Led to the GoI Act, 1935.
Butler Committee (1927)
Purpose: Other Commissions. Details: Examined the relationship between princely states and the British government. Recommended legitimacy of paramountcy.
Mayo’s Resolution (1870)
Purpose: Local Self-Government. Details: Provincial governments authorized to levy local taxation. Transfer of certain departments like medical, education, and roads.
Ripon’s Resolution (1882)
Purpose: Local Self-Government. Details: Known as the Father of Local Self-Government. Devolution of local affairs through urban and local bodies.
Royal Commission on Decentralization (1906)
Purpose: Local Self-Government. Details: Recommended more power to village panchayats and emphasis on subsidiary boards.
W.C. Rand Assassination (1897)
Purpose: Revolutionary Terrorism. Details: Killed by Chapekar Brothers, inspired by revolutionary ideals.
Kingsford Assassination Attempt (1908)
Purpose: Revolutionary Terrorism. Details: Unsuccessful attempt by Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki.
Kakori Conspiracy (1925)
Purpose: Revolutionary Terrorism. Details: Involved members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). Carried out a train dacoity in Kakori.
Saunders’ Assassination (1928)
Purpose: Revolutionary Terrorism. Details: Carried out by Bhagat Singh and Rajguru to avenge Lala Lajpat Rai’s death.
Central Legislative Assembly Bombing (1929)
Purpose: Revolutionary Terrorism. Details: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs to protest against repressive laws.
Indian National Congress (1885)
Purpose: Modern Political Organizations. Details: Founded by A.O. Hume, W.C. Banerjee, and others to represent Indian interests.
All India Trade Union Congress (1920)
Purpose: Trade Unions. Details: Founded by Lala Lajpat Rai to address labor issues.
Abolition of Sati (1829)
Purpose: Social Reforms. Details: By William Bentinck, influenced by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Outlawed the practice of Sati.
Age of Consent Bill (1891)
Purpose: Social Reforms. Details: Increased the marriage age of girls from 10 to 12.
All India Depressed Classes Association (1920)
Purpose: Depressed Class Movement. Details: Founded by M.C. Rajah to uplift the depressed classes.
Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932)
Purpose: Depressed Class Movement. Details: Founded by Thakkar Bapa to work for the upliftment of Harijans (untouchables).
Young Women’s Christian Association (1875)
Purpose: Women’s Rights. Details: First women’s association in India, became national in 1896.
All India Women’s Conference (1927)
Purpose: Women’s Rights. Details: Focused on women’s education, franchise, and social reforms through petitions and appeals.
