Models + Theories

Question 1

What does the Marshmallow Test examine?

Answer 1

The predictive validity of self control/regulation at a young age

Question 2

What three parts of the brain influence the ability to delay impulses?

Answer 2

Amygdala (emotions), ACC/PFC (self control center), cerebellum (movement)

Question 3

Under which construct does self regulation and self control lie?

Answer 3

Prominent psychological constructs

Question 4

Who invented the self-efficacy theory?

Answer 4

Albert Bandura

Question 5

What does the self-efficacy theory propose?

Answer 5

Ppl have to be confident that they have the capabilities to execute something to act on it and produce attainments

Question 6

What does Albert Bandura propose is strong and reliable predictor of behaviour?

Answer 6

Confidence (self-efficacy)

Question 7

What are there three situation-specific theories in regards to exercises?

Answer 7

Exercise (adoption), Barrier (adoption and maintenance), planning (maintenance)

Question 8

What are the four primary sources leading to self-efficacy?

Answer 8

Mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, affective + physiological states

Question 9

What’s the strongest source contributing to self-efficacy?

Answer 9

Mastery experiences

Question 10

What is a real life example of gaining confidence by vicarious experiences?

Answer 10

The Four Minute Mile (Robert Bannister)

Question 11

What’s the main limitation of the self-efficacy theory?

Answer 11

Only for new or challenging behaviours

Question 12

Who proposed the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Reasoned Action)

Answer 12

Icek Ajzen

Question 13

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 13

Ppl’s intention is the most immediate predictor of that behaviour

Question 14

What are the three aspects that control intentions?

Answer 14

Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural controls

Question 15

Which aspect least influences intention?

Answer 15

Subjective norms

Question 16

What is the strongest predictor of intention?

Answer 16

Attitude

Question 17

What is the main limitation of the theory of planned behaviour?

Answer 17

GAP (intentions often don’t lead to behaviour)

Question 18

What does the Self-Determination Theory propose?

Answer 18

Motivation predicts behaviour; it is highest when autonomous and lowest when promoted by others

Question 19

What are the three innate basic needs for motivation?

Answer 19

Autonomy (willingness), relatedness (others, connection), competence (experience of mastery)

Question 20

What are the three levels of motivation?

Answer 20

Amotivation (none), Extrinsic motivation (external reasons), Intrinsic motivation (for one’s pleasure and satisfaction)

Question 21

What is the strength of the self-determination theory?

Answer 21

Addresses needs across a continuum, allowing for deeper understanding

Question 22

What is self regulation?

Answer 22

The current state towards a desired goal

Question 23

What is self control?

Answer 23

Behaviour towards end state, inhibit to initiate

Question 24

What are the four aspects under the theory of self regulation?

Answer 24

Reference value (goal), comparator, going above goals (positive), negative feedback loop

Question 25

Which scientist studied fatigue and behaviour?

Answer 25

Angelo Mosso