Models of management

Question 1

What are the 4 models of management?

Answer 1

• Rational goal model
• Internal Process model
• Human relations model
• Open systems model

Question 2

Describe the rational goal model

Answer 2

• Focus on productivity
• Draws on the principles or scientific management

Question 3

What are Taylors principles of scientific management?

Answer 3

• Identify best way to complete task
• Identify best person for job
• train employees to deliver task following specific method
• Provide financial incentive to ensure application of method
• Move planning and organisation tasks to managers

Question 4

Describe the internal process model

Answer 4

• Focus on bureaucracy as system of internal control
• Follows Weber’s definition of bureaucracy

Question 5

What is Weber’s definition of bureaucracy as used in the internal process model?

Answer 5

• Characteristics: Rules, regulation, hierarchy, division of labour, authority
• Employees follow precisely defined rules/procedures
• Focus of the process, establishing clear routines

Question 6

What are some limitations of the internal process model?

Answer 6

• Fosters dissatisfaction
• Hinders creativity
• Lowers employee motivation

Question 7

Describe Follett’s human relations model

Answer 7

• Limits managers authority over workers
• “Power with” instead of “power over”
• Emphasises group dynamics

Question 8

Describe Mayo’s humans relations model

Answer 8

• Resulted from experiments into changing working conditions, varied hours, breaks, refreshments etc
• Focuses on human behaviours such as loyalty, highlighting the importance of social needs.

Question 9

Rational goal model criteria analysis

Answer 9

• Criteria for effectiveness: Profit, productivity
• Means-end theory: Clear direction adds value
• Practices used: clarify goals, rational analysis
• Focus of action: to compete

Question 10

Internal process model criteria analysis

Answer 10

• Criteria of effectiveness: stability, continuity
• Means-end theory: Rules, routines, lead to stability
• Practices used: Clear roles, documentation, measurement
• Focus of action: to control

Question 11

Human relations model criteria analysis

Answer 11

• Criteria of effectiveness: Commitment, cohesion, morale
• Means-end theory: Involvement brings commitment
• Practices used: Participation, team work
• Focus of action: to collaborate

Question 12

Open systems model criteria analysis

Answer 12

• Criteria of effectiveness: adaptability, external support
• Means-end theory: Continuous innovation secures resources
• Practices used: Creating, solving problems, innovating
• Focus of action: to create