Models of health and influencing factors Flashcards
What is health?
- not being ill
- absence of disease
- how you behave
- if you can perform different tasks
what are the three models of health
biomedical model
WHO
sociological
bio medical model definition of health
freedom from disease and abnormalities
2 aspects of biomedical models are
diagnosis of disease or illlness
intervention: action taken to improve health
examples of bio medical model
x rays scans blood tests mammograms surgery
positives of biomedical model of health( 7)
- simple, quick and measurable
- leads to improvements in medical science, treatments such as vaccination and immunisations
- without this model there would be little known about how to treat and diagnose illnesses
- extends life expectancy
- improves quality of life/ can successfully return to good health
- success in diagnosis and treatment too many diseases
- straightforward and extent of disease can be measured by a set scale to easily compare health
negatives of the bio medical model(9)
- limited as doesn’t consider all aspects that affect health such as social environmental mental and lifestyles
- focuses on physical changes as opposed to th CAUSE of the illness- if main problem was known it could help prevent many other health problems
- costly as relies on professional health workers and tech
- doesn’t promote good health or prevention as focuses on the condition not its cause
- not every condition can be successfully treated
- not always affordable ie technology in other countries
- doesn’t account for risks until actually unhealthy ie smoker fine till he has a disease
- separates mind and body
- only focus on physical aspect
what is the sociological model of health
state of optimum capacity both physical and mental fitness of an individual for the effective performance of roles and tasks for which he has been socialised
health and illness are normative and relative to the the individuals typical capacity based on age and sex
eg male cant get pregnant and a 90year old isn’t expected to work 12 hr shift
footballer breaks leg unhealthy
lecturer breaks leg healthy
the positives of the sociological model 9
- describes difficult things simply
- more influences on health are addressed compared to biomedical model
- community approach to prevent disease and illness
- focuses on policies, education and health promotion, goes beyond lifestyle and accepts need for SOCIAL change
- education for people
- less costly to prevent rather than cure
- encourages individuals to take responsibikigy
- increases economic development of country and population is productive
negatives of the sociological model
- changing lifestyle is very hard
- people don’t believe it will happen to them
- doesn’t address illness
- difficult to measure effectiveness
- doesn’t encourage advances in technology
examples of sociological model
- go for your life strategy
- sun smart schools program
- be a man
- rural retention program
go for your life strategy
made up of different governmental and non governmental stakeholders
targeted approach to educate the whole community and encourage all to eat healthily and exercise
5 principles of the sociological model
AREAS
A address the broader determinants of health R reduce the social inequities E empower individuals and communities A access to health care S inter sectorial collaboration
what is the WHO model of health
complete state of physical mental and social wellbeing, not only the absence of disease as suggested by the biological model
5 priority/ key action areas
BCSDR
B UILD healthy public policy C REATE supportive environment S TRENGTHEN community action D EVELOP personal skills R ORIENT HEALTH SERVICES
