Models and Theories Flashcards
What is psychophysiopathology?
Delusions are the product of the psychiatirc condition. Try and find the underlying biological reasons for the syndromes. Treatment focuses on receptors etc (SSRIs)
What is behavioural psychology?
Behaviour is not a symptoms, it is a product of learning. Develop models of rewards and punishment to change learning
What is cognitive psychology?
Behaviour is a product of thought and emotion. To help you need to understand what someone is thinking and feeling. TALK and change the way people think
What is psychodynamic theory?
Psychodynamic psychology: Behaviour is due to their unconscious mind and processes. Interpretation of behaviour, above what the patient says they are thinking. (Freudian) Especially useful in children as they are not forthcoming with their thoughts and emotion.
What do systemic therapists focus on?
What does the behaviour mean in the system/network they are in?
Environment around the person, context and dynamic systems
What are the 5 Ps?
- Identify a PROBLEM and who it is a problem for
- Identify PREDISPOSING factors (eg genetics, beliefs, situation)
- What is the PRECIPITATING factor (ie the trigger)
- What PERPETUATES the problem
- What factors are PROTECTIVE? What can you do? (ie change situation, give therapy)
What are the main classification systems in psychiatry?
DSM-5 (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
ICD-10 (international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems)
They have specific inclusion and exclusion criteria for each diagnosis
What are the pro’s of a named psychiatric diagnosis?
- Reassurance for the patient
- Reduce blame for the patient/parent
- Reduce stigma, not weird it is a condition
- Common language between professionals and allows research
- Allows access to healthcare and support (eg disability allowance)
- Guide treatment
What are the cons of named psychiatric diagnoses?
- Wrong labelling/shifting labels
- Stigma and marginalisation
- Over medicalisation
- Self fulfilling prophecy
- Context is needed
- Descriptive but not biologically specific/scientific
What sections are added in a psychiatric history?
Risk assessment Past psych history Detailed substance use Social Hx (who raised by, schooling, bullying, abuse, current living) Personal Hx (sexual orientation, relationship hx, abuse) Forensic Hx (police, crimes) Premorbid personality MSE
What are the 5 parts of systemic theory that guide therapy?
Context (deconstruct, situation, relationships, culture)
Curiosity (logic behind actions, meaning)
Patterns (dyad relationships/triangulations)
Circularity (cyclical feelings & situations)
Working with strengths (promote solution)
Difference between categorical versus dimensional systems?
ICD-10 and DSM-5 are categorical, they describe a group of discrete conditions
Personalities are usually described using a dimensional system, using a continuum.
What is the diagnostic hierarchy?
Some diagnoses take precedence over other diagnoses
eg organic disorders are at the top so if someone with dementia is anxious, this is part of the dementia not an anxiety disorder diagnosis.
Organic disorders
Psychotic disorders
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
Personality disorders
