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Nursing Informatics Models And Theories > Models and Theories > Flashcards

Models and Theories Flashcards

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1
Q

Spirit, Feltovitch, Coulser

A

Theory of Cognitive flexibility
Interactive tech; present from various perspectives; avoid oversimplification; build knowledge rather than Tx info; presentation must be CONTEXT specific

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2
Q

Lewin

A

Change theory
Unfreeze-motivated, resistance, need reassurance
Unfrozen-desire to change; need to answer questions, communicate well, and dispelled rumors
Refreeze-develop methods to sustain change

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3
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs
Physical, safety, love & belonging, esteem, self-actualization

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4
Q

Matstrian

A

Foundation of (nursing) knowledge model
Knowledge acquisition
Knowledge processing
Knowledge dissemination
Knowledge generation
(Circular, constant feedback process)

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5
Q

Norman

A

Principles of design for HIT-
Consider how constraints, both natural and artificial affect design (ie place screens where they can be seen)

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6
Q

Blum’s theory

A

Information theory
DIK are processed

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7
Q

Nielsen-Schneiderman

A

Heuristic categories for evaluating a product’s usability

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8
Q

Roger’s

A

Diffusion of innovation theory
Innovators, early adopters, early majority, later majority, laggards

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9
Q

Martha E Roger’s

A

Science of Unitary Human Beings-1980-90’s
Humans are energy fields; good health/illness part of same continuum

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10
Q

Hildegard peplaw

A

Interpersonal relations model of nursing; quality of nurse-client relationships: overlapping phases (orientation, problem ID, explanation of Solution, resolution of problem)

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11
Q

Dorothy Orem

A

General theory of nursing
Goal of nursing is to serve patients and assist with SELF-CARE

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12
Q

Betty Newman

A

Total persons systems model
Person reacts to stress through defense mechanisms-this feedback affects stability
Concentric circles (physical, psych, social, spiritual, developmental)
Nurse helps provide stability
Interventions: primary (preventative), secondary (prevent damage), tertiary (reconstruction)

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13
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

A

Nursing process theory
Behavior of pt…nursing dx…nursing intervention

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14
Q

Lee Ann Hoff

A

Crisis theory of nursing
Person has crisis (health or other)…nurse (other person) provides crisis mgmt…crisis care (assess, implement, f/u)

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15
Q

Claude Shannon

A

Information Theory:assess communication system-need power, bandwidth, noise, decoder/receiver;
3 steps: encode (bits, words, icons), transmission (through voice, radio, computer), decode
Signal (magnitude)/noise (interference) ratio
Channel capacity determines amt info can be transferred with smallest rate of error

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16
Q

Madeline Leininger

A

Transcultural theory of nursing

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17
Q

Jean Watson

A

Philosophy of Human Caring
Holistic care, health promotion, illness prevention
SPIRITUAL important

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18
Q

Patricia Benner

A

Stages of (nursing) clinical competence
Novice…adv beginner…competent…proficient…expert

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19
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Theory of Cognitive development
Sensorymotor (0-2yrs), pre operational (2-7), concrete (7-11), formal operation (11+)

20
Q

Eric Erikson

A

Psychosocial development model
0-1 trust vs mistrust
1-3 autonomy vs shame/doubt
3-6 initiative vs guilt
6-11 industry (confidence) vs inferiority
12-18 identity vs role confusion
Young adult-intimacy vs isolation
Mid-age: stagnation vs achievement
Old adult: integrity (ego) vs despair

21
Q

Leon Festinger

A

Theory of cognitive dissonance
People avoid conflict between beliefs and actions; if conflict occurs, belief >actions

22
Q

Bernard Weiner

A

Attribution theory-explaining behavior (observe, determine if intentional, attribute to internal or external causes); achievement attributed to effort, ability, difficulty of task, good or bad luck

23
Q

Howard Garner

A

Theory of multiple intelligence

24
Q

Ludwig von Bertalanffy

A

Systems theory-connect seemingly unrelated ideas/functions; all systems have ways of processing info; 2types: natural, designed (hybrid of human/natural)
5 elements: input, throughput, output, eval, feedback

25
Q

Murray Bowen

A

Family Systems theory-look at person in terms of fam; 8 concepts:
Triangle theory: 2 against 1
Self-differentiation: varying need for approval
Nuclear fam patterns-marriage or children probs
Family projection-passing problems down to kids
Transmission-small changes as it gets passed down to each Gen
Emotional isolation-decreased fam contact
Sibling order
Emotional process: interactions in society result in regression/progression

26
Q

Fishbein and Ajzen

A

Theory of reasoned action-voluntary actions can be predicted
1) attitudes
2) subjective (social norms)
3) behavioral intention

27
Q

Ajzen

A

Theory of planned behavior
Evolved from theory of reasoned action:behavioral intention does not necessarily lead to change: perceived behavior control

28
Q

Homans, Thibaret, Kelley

A

Social time change theory
Communication is time change where people negotiate a return on investment

29
Q

Altman and Taylor

A

Social penetration theory: communication builds closeness/vulnerability with others

30
Q

Elisabeth Noelle Newman

A

Spiral of Science Theory-mass media influences communication; people fear isolation so they conform

31
Q

Ting-Toomey

A

Face negotiation theory; idea of all cx concerned with saving face affects conflict resolution; people in individualistic cx’s less compromising

32
Q

Giles

A

Communication accommodation theory (CAT)-people alter communication styles based on situation

33
Q

Cultivation Theory-effect of media on ideas and beliefs (rather than society)

A

Gerbner

34
Q

Peck

A

Theory of adult development; expanded on Eriksons middle/older adulthood

35
Q

Havighurst

A

Theory of adult development: must accomplish certain tasks in each stage of adulthood

36
Q

Knowles

A

Theory of Andragony (related to adult learning); adult learners are practical, goal oriented, knowledgeable, relevancy oriented, motivated

37
Q

Bandura

A

Theory of social learning: behavior is result of OBSERVATION
To model behavior must have attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

38
Q

Systems theory

A

Interdisciplinary field of study that analyzes how a small group of things work together to produce a result

39
Q

TQM

A

Total Quality Management
Fact-based decision, customer focus with employee involvement, cont QI

40
Q

FOCUS-PCDA

A

Components of improvement process
Find, organize, clarify, understand, select
Plan
C
Do
Act

41
Q

Health belief model

A

1950’s predictor of preventative behavior; individual perceptions, modifying factors, likelihood of action

42
Q

FMEA

A

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

43
Q

Models of Integration (of data analysis and research)

A

Organizational-different depts-report to 1 individual
Functional coordinate-draw from same resources to determine issues r/t quality and efficiency
Functional integrated-cross training; CM approach

44
Q

Complex adaptive theory

A

Agent change…system change…repea(avoid chaos by adapting)
Effectiveness > efficiency

45
Q

Organizational Development (OD) model of change

A

Entire org; encourage mgr/worker relationships; everyone has common goal
Study dynamics…written plan…carry out plan

Nursing Informatics Models And Theories (2 decks)

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