Model OSI Flashcards
What does the Physical Layer of the OSI model do?
It is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw data bits over a physical medium.
Name three types of cables used in the Physical Layer.
Ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, coaxial cables.
What devices operate at the Physical Layer?
Hubs, repeaters, and network interface cards (NICs).
What is the role of the Physical Layer in wireless communication?
It manages the transmission of signals over wireless media like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
What is the signal format in the Physical Layer?
Data is transmitted as electrical signals, light pulses, or radio waves.
What is the primary responsibility of the Data Link Layer?
It is responsible for error detection, frame synchronization, and flow control for reliable data transfer over a link.
Name two protocols used in the Data Link Layer.
Ethernet, PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol).
What does the MAC address refer to in the Data Link Layer?
It is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) used for communication on the Data Link Layer.
What is a frame in the context of the Data Link Layer?
A frame is a unit of data that includes both the payload and the necessary addressing information for data transmission.
What is CSMA/CD in the Data Link Layer?
CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) is a protocol for managing access to a shared communication medium to avoid collisions.
What is the main role of the Network Layer?
It is responsible for routing data between different networks and devices, ensuring it reaches the correct destination.
What protocol is most commonly associated with the Network Layer?
IP (Internet Protocol).
What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a much larger address space.
Name a device that operates at the Network Layer.
Routers.
What is routing in the Network Layer?
Routing is the process of determining the optimal path for data to travel from the source to the destination across multiple networks.
What is the primary function of the Transport Layer?
It ensures reliable data transfer by providing error control, flow control, and data segmentation.
Name two common transport layer protocols.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication with error correction, while UDP is connectionless and faster but without error correction.
What are ports used for in the Transport Layer?
Ports are used to identify specific services or applications running on a device, such as HTTP (port 80) or HTTPS (port 443).
What is segmentation in the Transport Layer?
Segmentation is the process of breaking larger data into smaller packets, making it easier to transmit over the network.
What does the Session Layer manage?
It manages sessions between applications, including establishing, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions.
Name one protocol that operates at the Session Layer.
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System).
What is a session in networking?
A session is a temporary connection established between two devices for communication, typically lasting for the duration of a transfer or session.
How does the Session Layer manage session synchronization?
It uses checkpoints to synchronize the data transfer during long sessions.