model organisms

Question 1

give 4 points why we use model organisms

Answer 1

homologous , smaller genome

ease of maintenance and generation time

easy to observe phenotype

similar basic mechanisms to humans

Question 2

why do we use model organisms

Answer 2

to understand trmt and disease at diff levels ; for cures

3Rs - replace , refine, reduce (use less animals)

in vitro (cultured) and in silico models

mammalian models of congenital issues etc. w simpler organisms

make models by deletions of genes/parts ; mutating genes

Question 3

benefits of using model organisms

Answer 3

Simpler
* Smaller Genome
* Homologues or Orthologues.
* Ease of maintenance and generation time.
* Many basic developmental processes Homo sapiens have in
common with simpler organisms.
* Ease of observing phenotype.

Question 4

describe process of cripsr cas9

Answer 4

guide rna seq binds target seq
cas9 enzyme binds guide rna in the target dna
cas9 cuts both strands of DNA
cut is repaired introd. mutation
allows manipulation of genes to see gene therapy in animals etc. used in humans too

Question 5

examples of MOs

Answer 5

drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
c. elegans (worm)
amphibians - xenopus laevis & tropicalis
zebrafish - danio rerio
birds - gallus domesticus
MOUSE

Question 6

examples of use of MOs

Answer 6

• example ; hutchinson gilford progeria mousemouse model
• crispr-cas9
• older was CreLoxP