model 3 - ethics Flashcards
1
Q
what is moral agency
A
- morality is difference between right and wrong
- moral agency is ethical judgement, translated into action (choosing to do right thing)
2
Q
Two branches of ethics
A
- normative ethics
- concerned with standards of right action/what should happen here - Descriptive ethics
- concerned with what does happen here
3
Q
what is professional responsibility
A
- being accountable for own actions and decisions
- meets professional, ethical and relevant legislation requirements
4
Q
what is management of nursing care
A
- ensures health consumer has good explanation of treatment
e.g. informed consent is legal and ethical requirement
5
Q
what is utilitarianisim
A
- whenever we have a choice between alternative actions, we should choose the best overall consequences for everyone concerned
6
Q
ICN code of ethics principles (4)
A
- nurses and people
- nurses and profession
- nurses and coworkers
- nurses and practice
7
Q
4 ethical principles
A
- autonomy
- self determination - beneficence
- above all, do good - Non-maleficence
- above all, do no harm - justice
- fairness
8
Q
what is veracity
A
- avoiding lies or withholding part of truth
(withholding some info around diagnosis)
9
Q
what is Fidelity
A
- faithful to promises/agreements
- includes confidentiality and privacy
10
Q
What is the declaration of Helsinki (1964)
A
- agreed ethical conduct to safeguard right and wellbeing of patients in research
11
Q
ethical principles of research involving humans
A
- merit and integrity of research design
- researcher integrity and honesty
- autonomy
- justice
- beneficence
12
Q
what is autonomy in ethical research
A
- participation is voluntary and they can withdraw at anytime
13
Q
what is informed consent in research
A
- person freely agreeing to participate in stay after receiving information about nature of study
14
Q
situations where consent may not be required
A
- RCT with placebo
- where Hawthorne effect can change study
15
Q
George situation using clinical reasoning cycle
A
16
Q
examples of ethical principles in action
A
- autonomy
- risk and benefits of procedure are explained and understood when getting informed consent - non-maleficence
- doing no harm when performing an intervention - Beneficence
- promoting benefit of patient - justice
- sharing time evenly across patients - fidelity
- being faithful to patients request - veracity
- telling only what I know to be facts
17
Q
what is euthanasia
A
- act of killing someone painlessly, to relieve suffering from incurable illness
18
Q
conditions of euthanasia
A
- intentionality (non-accidental)
- evidence of suffering
- reasons for death (motivated by beneficence)
- painlessness
- non-fetal humanity
19
Q
what is the end of life choice act 2019
A
- give individuals who have terminal illness a lawful option of requesting medical assistance to end their life
- promotes compassion and preservation of dignity
20
Q
difference between conservative position, moderate and liberal
A
- conservative - abortion is wrong
- moderate - wrong but may be overridden by 3. stronger moral considerations
liberal - permissible on demand
21
Q
what moral status of foetus
A
- anti-abortionists - it is human
- pro-abortionists - not a person
22
Q
what is the abortion legislation act 2020
A
- regulates abortion through contraception, sterilisation and abortion
23
Q
what is the card of children act 2004
A
- person under 16 can consent to have or not to have abortion
24
Q
what is consent
A
- legal expression of moral principle of autonomy
- no age to consent
25
what is Gillick competent
- minors may authorise medical treatment
regardless of age if they can
- understand information given
- retain information long enough to make decision
- weigh up information to make decision
- communicate their decision
26
what does quality care look like (7)
1. partnership with consumers
2. quality and safety culture
3. leadership for improvement and change
4. system thinking
5. teamwork and communication
6. improvement and innovation
7. quality improvement and patient safety knowledge and skills
27
aspects of partnerships with consumers
- code of health and disability services consumers rights
- robust complaints process
- focus on health literacy
- co-design
- patient experience survey
28
what is quality and safety culture
- good processes and policy that makes it easy to identify and report risk
