Modals1 Flashcards
Temel modallar
Must, can, could, might, may, should, will, would
Çekimlenebilen modallar
Have to, be able to, be likely to, supposed to
Permission (izin isteyen) modals
May I + V1
Could I +V1
Can I + V1
May I open window?
Could I speak to you for a moment?
Can I use your phone for a minute?
Would you mind if I + V2
Would you mind if I opened the window?
Would you mind if I used your phone a minute?
Polite Request (Rica Eden) Modals Will you + V1 Can you + V1 Would you + V1 Could you + V1 Will you open the window, please? Can you move to the right, please? Would you speak a little louder, please? Could you help me here, please?
Would you mind+ Ving
Would you mind opening the window, please?
Would you mind moving to right, please?
Obligation ( Zorunluluk) Modals
Must: güçlü tavsiye, kendi içimizden kaynaklanan zorunluluk.
I must real more boks on personel finances.
You must tell me the truht if you want me to trust you.
Have to: zorunluluk, dışarıdan gelen kural, yönetmelik, kanun
A police officer has to wear a uniform.
You have to bring your child to school before 08.30
Çoğu zaman must = have to
Had to vs Didn’t have to
Had to: yapmak zorunda kaldım ve yaptım
Didn’t have to: yapmak zorunda değildim ve yapmadım.
Didn’t have to = Didn’t need to
Our boss wanted us in the office on Sunday, so I had to go my workplace yesterday.
It was Sunday yesterday, so I didn’t have to wake up early.
Don’t have to ≠ Mustn’t
don’t have to: yapmak zorunda değilsin.
mustn’t : yapmamalısın
You don’t have to spend vast amounts of money to start a small business. ( yüksek miktarda para harcamak zorunda değilsin.)
You mustn’t play with the data in your study to find the results that you want. ( … verilerle oynamamalısın)
Mustn’t vs Can’t yasaklamalar için
You mustn’t drink alcohol before an important meeting. ( alkol içmemelisin)
You cannot drink alcohol before an important meeting.
(alkol içemezsin)
Advice (tavsiye) Modals
should = ought to ≤ had better
ought to - az kullanılır, daha resmi
You ought to/ should speak to your advisor before choosing this elective course.
Ought not to - olumsuz
You ought not to point at someone in public. ( … elinle işaret etmemelisin)
Had better- daha güçlü hafif tehdit vari
“şöyle yapsan iyi edersin”
You had better prove your innocence to your boss; otherwise, you might get fired. (…. masumiyetini kanıtlasan iyi edersin.)
Had better not- olumsuz
You had better not start another discussion with your supervisor. (… yeni bir tartışma başlatmasan iyi edersin.)
Özet
Should = ought to ≤ had better < must ≤ have to
(yapmamalısın) musn’t ≠ don’t have to (yapmak zorunda değilsin)
Don’t have to = don’t need to
mustn’t = cannot
ought to - ought not to
Had better - had better not
Expectation ( beklenti) modals
Be supposed to = be expected to = be to
Yapman beklenir, gerekir
You are supposed to come to your workplace early. ( işyerine erken gitmen beklenir)
A customer is expected to leave a 15% to 20% tip at an American restaurant .( …. müşterinin %15- %20 bahşiş bırakması beklenir.)
Was/ were supposed to
Geçmiş için gerçekleşmemiş beklenti gösterir.
şöyle yapmam gerekiyordu ama yapmadım
You were supposed to make an appointment before coming. ( … gelmeden önce randevu alman gerekiyordu.)
Be to
am/is/are to
A secretary is to type around 60 words per minute.(.. bir sekreterin dakikada 60 kelime yazması beklenir.)
am/is/are + to V1
am is are — ..tır
to V1 —- …mek/mak
My biggest aim is to find meaning in life.
En büyük amacım, hayatın içinde anlam bulmaktır.
Suggestion ( Teklif) Modals
Let’s+ V1
Why don’t we+ V1
Shall I/we + V1
Let’s go fo a walk
Why don’t we postpone this meeting to tomorrow.
Shall we move to another house?
Ability (yetenek) modals
Can
be able to
I can play piano
