Modals Flashcards

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1
Q

purpose of modals

A

tells us the attitude of the speaker

specifies purpose

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2
Q

ability or lack of ability

A

can (present)

could (more polite)

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3
Q

“You CAN catch the train at 10:43.”

A

possibility or negative possibility

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4
Q

“CAN you lend me $10?”

A

ask or give permission

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5
Q

“You CAN’T come in.”

A

prohibition

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6
Q

“It MIGHT rain later.”

A

possibility or negative possibility

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7
Q

“You MAY open the window if you like.”

A

give or ask permission

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8
Q

“MAY I go out?”

A

polite request

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9
Q

“They MIGHT NOT buy the house at all.”

A

negative possibility

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10
Q

still have option

A

should or shouldn’t

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11
Q

obligation

A

must or mustn’t

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12
Q

suggestions

A

should

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13
Q

“He MUST be pretty smart.”

A

strong prediction

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14
Q

“SHALL we go for a walk?”

A

to offer assistance or polite suggestion

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15
Q

The subject performs the action.

“He kicks the ball.”

A

ACTIVE

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16
Q

The subject receives the action.

“The ball was kicked by him.”

A

PASSIVE

17
Q

(active to passive)

discusses (present)

A

is discussed

18
Q

(active to passive)

discussed (past)

A

was discussed

19
Q

(active to passive)

is discussing

A

is being discussed

20
Q

(active to passive)

will discuss

A

will be discussed

21
Q

The poem WAS REJECTED by the girl.

A

The girl REJECTED the poem.

22
Q

They HAVE INVITED him to the party.

A

He IS INVITED to the party by them.

23
Q

The guests ENJOYED the party.

A

The party WAS ENJOYED by the guests.

24
Q

Jhon ATE the burgers.

A

The burgers WERE EATEN by Jhon.

25
Q

Marilyn IS MAILING the letter.

A

The letter IS BEING MAILED by Marilyn.

26
Q

The actual words (with no change) of the speaker is quoted.

  • Exact words enclosed in quotation marks.
  • Comma after “said”

He said “I am going to school.”

A

DIRECT

27
Q

The actual words of the speaker are changed.
No quotation marks or comma.
Also called REPORTED SPEECH.

Ex: He said he was going to school.

A

INDIRECT

28
Q

the verb of the sentence (said)

A

REPORTING VERB

29
Q

the words enclosed in quotation marks

A

REPORTED SPEECH