Modality Principle and Redundancy Principle

Question 1

a useful technique for managing__________cognitive processing is modality off-loading – presenting words as narration rather than as on-screen text.

Answer 1

essential

Question 2

Modality off-loading occurs when the words in a multimedia lesson are presented as ________rather than as printed text.

Answer 2

spoken text

Question 3

People have two separate information-processing channels. Each channel has limited capacity. According to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning, the processes required for _______ cannot be fully carried out when the visual channel is overloaded

Answer 3

meaningful learning

Question 4

Mousavi, Low, and Sweller (1995, p. 321) have used the term ___________to refer to the idea that “effective cognitive capacity may be increased if both auditory and visual working memory can be used” to process incoming multimedia messages.

Answer 4

modality effect

Question 5

The________ refers only to situations in which presenting pictures and spoken text is more effective than presenting pictures and printed text

Answer 5

modality effect

Question 6

When the material is ________, printed text and graphics may overload the visual channel, so that the modality principle is helpful

Answer 6

complex

Question 7

when the __________the modality principle is stronger when the relevant portions of the graphic are highlighted (Jeung, Chandler, & Sweller, 1997)

Answer 7

graphic is hard to process

Question 8

Tabbers, Martens, and van Merrienboer (2004) provide preliminary evidence that the modality principle does not apply when the lesson is ____________

Answer 8

slow-paced or under learner control

Question 9

concerning learner familiarity, students tend to benefit more from the modality principle when they are familiar with the______________ (Harskamp, Mayer, Suhre, & Jansma, 2007)

Answer 9

words