Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

injured hand and fractures > Modalities > Flashcards

Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical activity in cells and metabolic rate will increase ___ for each ___ rise in temperature.

A

2-3 times; 10 deg C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

temperature after which tissue will burn

A

45-50 deg C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

use of heat modality (3)

A
  1. increase interstitial fluid and cause mild edema
  2. decrease pain
  3. in combination with stretch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

superficial heat (3)

A

heats tissue within 0.5 cm from the surface

  1. hot packs
  2. paraffin
  3. fluidotherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

moist heat pack

A

kept in ~160 deg F water
usual multiple layers of towel or cover and towel
needs 30 to reheat when returning to water
check after 5 min
15-20 min
DO NOT LIE ON TOP OFF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

paraffin (4)

A

superficial, moist heat most commonly used for distal extremity

  1. dip and wrap - elevate hand
  2. dip and reimmerse - rarely used
  3. paraffin ‘packs’
  4. cooled paraffin - used for closed skin grafts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fluidotherapy

A

dry heat
temp and agitation can be controlled
usually 115-117 deg F
allows patient to exercise while heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

contraindications/precautions for superficial heat (5)

A
  1. circulatory impairment
  2. cancer at site of heat application
  3. sensation impairment
  4. easy bleeding
  5. infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

home program options - heat (3)

A
  1. heating pad
  2. microwave gel pads
  3. rice socks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

use of cold modality (4)

A
  1. used in acute stages of inflammation
  2. reduction of muscle spasms
  3. reduction of pain
  4. decrease swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cold modalities (2)

A
  1. cold packs

2. ice massage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

precautions for cold modalities (2)

A
  1. patients with cold-sensitivity (ex. Raynaud’s)

2. patients with circulatory-compromised areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

documentation of temperature modalities (4)

A
  1. thermal agent used
  2. duration
  3. body area treated
  4. position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ultrasound

A

deep heating agent

water-based gel used as a couple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

uses of ultrasound (6)

A
  1. joint contracture
  2. scar tissue
  3. tendinitis
  4. bursitis
  5. muscle spasms
  6. pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ultrasound - frequency

A

of oscillations a molecule undergoes in 1 second
1.0 MHz, 2.0 MHz, 3.0 MHz are used in therapy
frequency determines the depth of penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ultrasound depth with 1 MHz frequency

A

2-5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ultrasound depth with 3 MHz frequency

A

up to 2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ultrasound tissues (3)

A

US is absorbed in tissue high in protein (collagen)

  1. tendon
  2. ligament
  3. joint capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ultrasound wave settings (2)

A
  1. pulsed waves

2. continuous waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pulsed ultrasound

A

used when the desired effect is non-thermal such as acute soft tissue injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

US - duty cycle

A

the percentage of time the power is on during one pulse period

23
Q

continuous ultrasound

A

provides a thermal effect

24
Q

ultrasound - intensity

A

the rate at which energy is delivered per unit area (strength of the beam)
w/cm^2
joints with superficial skin coverage are usually treated at 1.0 w/cm^2

25
Q

ultrasound - moving technique

A

speed = ~4 cm/second (slow)

area covered = 2-3x size of the head for every 5 minutes

26
Q

ultrasound - precautions (12)

A
  1. DVT
  2. hemorrhagic conditions
  3. reproductive organs
  4. infections
  5. malignancy
  6. skin disease
  7. active epiphysis
  8. over heart, eyes, anterior neck, carotid sinus
  9. care over metal
  10. impaired circulation/sensation
  11. over plastic or cement implants
  12. over electronic device
27
Q

uses of electrotherapy modalities (3)

A
  1. pain modulation
  2. muscle re-education
  3. facilitate tissue healing
28
Q

therapeutic currents - direct (DC)

A

unidirectional flow of charged particles
used in iontophoresis, wound healing, and stimulation of denervated muscle
electrode should be large enough to cover target area and disperse the current evenly

29
Q

therapeutic currents- alternating (AC)

A

bidirectional flow of charged particles
IFC (interferential current) for pain modulation
more comfortable than DC
burst-modulated AC is used for muscle strengthening

30
Q

therapeutic currents - pulsed

A

flow of charged particles, unidirectional or bidirectional, that is delivered in finite periods of time before the next electrical event
used for pain modulation or neuromuscular reeducation

31
Q

electrotherapy parameters (4)

A
  1. amplitude
  2. pulse and phase duration
  3. frequency
  4. current modulators
32
Q

amplitude

A

intensity

33
Q

pulse duration

A

the time that elapses from the beginning of the pulse to the end of the pulse

34
Q

phase duration

A

the time that elapses from the beginning of the phase to the end of the phase

35
Q

electrotherapy - frequency

A

of pulses (pulsed current), beat (IFC), cycles (AC) that are delivered in 1 second

36
Q

current modulators

A

ramp-up to gradually increase to peak amplitude or clinical response

37
Q

electrotherapy contraindications (5)

A
  1. pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices
  2. over a pregnant uterus
  3. over carotid sinus
  4. over thoracic region of body
  5. within area of DVT
38
Q

electrotherapy precautions (6)

A
  1. pain that is serving as a protective function
  2. area of infection, malignancy, PVD
  3. excessive adipose tissue may require higher current amplitudes
  4. decreased sensation
  5. damaged or fragile skin or open skin surface
  6. history of electrode reaction
39
Q

NMES - current

A

pulsed or burst-modulated AC

40
Q

NMES - frequency

A

between 30-80 pps

41
Q

NMES - current modulators

A

2 second ramp up

1 second ramp down

42
Q

NMES - amplitude

A

needs to be set high enough to allow a strong contraction

43
Q

NMES - time on/off

A

between 1:3 and 1:12 depending on muscle fatigue

44
Q

uses of UE joint mobilization (3)

A
  1. remodel connective tissue to improve joint extensibility/reduce stiffness
  2. reduce pain and encourage relaxation
  3. bathe the joint with synovial fluid, externally nourishing joint structures
45
Q

joint mobilization contraindications (6)

A
  1. joint replacement arthroplasties
  2. any fracture adjacent to the joints which is not clinically healed
  3. acute inflammatory or septic arthritis
  4. bone disease (i.e. osteomyelitis)
  5. bacterial infection
  6. malignancy/neoplastic disease
46
Q

joint mobilization precautions (8)

A
  1. RA and OA
  2. osteoporosis
  3. fracture (acceptable once PROM is indicated)
  4. hypermobility
  5. inability for patient to relax
  6. presence of protective muscle spasm
  7. joint effusion/inflammation
  8. general debilitation
47
Q

indications for joint mobilizations (4)

A
  1. hypomobility
  2. when there is potential for joint limitation
  3. whenever PROM is indicated (EXCEPT replacement arthroplasty)
  4. to decrease pain
48
Q

osteokinematics

A

bone movements produced by 2 adjacent bones (flex/ext)

49
Q

arthrokinematics

A

articular movements produced by 2 adjacent joint surfaces (accessory motions - roll, spin, glide)

50
Q

concave on convex

A

concave surface glides same direction the bone is moving

51
Q

convex on concave

A

convex surface glides opposite direction the bone is moving

52
Q

Grade I joint mob

A

loosening movement is an extremely small traction force

53
Q

Grade II joint mob

A

tightening movement first takes up the slack in the surrounding tissues and then tightens the tissues

54
Q

Grade III joint mob

A

stretching movement is applied after the slack has been taken up and all tissues become taut

injured hand and fractures (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions