Modalities Flashcards
1
Q
cryotherapy
A
- refers to the local or general use of low temp in rehab
- generates therapeutic effects by influencing hemodynamics, metabolic, and neuromuscular processes
2
Q
Cryotherapy Therapeutic effects
A
- decr blood flow to the treatment area
- decreased edema
- decr local temp
- decr metabolic rate
- decr nerve conduction velocity
- decr tone
- incr pain threshold
3
Q
Indication for cryotherapy
A
- abnormal tone
- acute or chronic pain
- acute or subacute inflammation
- bursitis
- muscle spasm
- musculoskeletal trauma
- myofascial trigger points
- tendonitis
- tenosynovitis
4
Q
contraindications for cryotherapy
A
- cold intolerance
- cold urticaria
- cryoglobulinemia
- infection
- over an area of compromised circulation
- over regenerating peripheral nerves
- paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
- peripheral vascular disease
- Raynauds
- skin anesthesia
**ACCPRO
5
Q
Ice massage
A
- typically performed by freezing water in a paper cup and then applying the ice directly to the treatment area
- a wooden tongue depressor can be frozen in water to form an ice popsicle
- Ideal for small or contoured areas
- the ice should be applied using small, overlapping circles or strokes
- an area 10 cm by 15cm can be covered in 5-10 min
6
Q
Cold pack
A
- typically contains silica gel and is available in a variety of shapes and sizes
- the gel remains in a semisolid form even at relatively low temp, which allows the cold pack to conform to the contour of the body
- cold packs are typically stored in a specializes cooling unit at approx 25 degrees Fahrenheit
- should be applied over a moist, cold towel to increase the initial magnitude of cooling. a cold pack should be applied for approx. 20 minutes
7
Q
cold bath
A
- cold bath is commonly used for the immersion of the distal extremity
- unlike many other forms of cryotherapy, a cold bath allows for circumferential contact with the cooling agent
- in the presence of edema, therapists should be mindful of the influence of a gravity- dependent position on the involved extremity during treatment
- water temp from 55-64 deg F
- a whirlpool or container of water with crushed ice can be used
- body part should be immersed for 15-20 minutes to attain the desired therapeutic effects. the lower the temp selected, the shorter the duration of treatment
- the intervention is often used as a component of a HEP
8
Q
controlled cold compression unit
A
- circulates cooled water through a sleeve that is applied to an extremity
- the water can be maintained at temp ranging from 50-77 deg F.
- compression is applied intermittently by inflating the sleeve with air with the goal of controlling inflammation and reducing edema in the extremity
- In post-operative situations, the sleeve may be placed on the patient’s involved extremity immediately after surgery
- the combined use of cold and compression is more effective than cold or compression alone in controlling inflammation
9
Q
cryo cuff
A
- is a cold water circulating unit that combines the benefits of cold with compression
- the cryocuff consists of a nylon sleeve that is connected to a specialized gallon container via a plastic tube.
- most commonly used on the knee, however it is available for a number of other areas of the body including the shoulder and the ankle
- the device is commonly employed post-operatively with the gioal of decreasing pain and the need for analgesic medications
10
Q
vapocolant spray
A
- produces rapid cooling through evaporation, with temp changes occurring superficially in the epidermis
- use to treat trigger points
- when using spray and stretch, therapists should identify the trigger point and make three to four sweeps with the spray in the direction of the muscle fibers
- the spray in the direction of the muscle fibers
- the spray must be applied in one direction only and not in a back and forth motion
- the spray should be applied at a 30 deg angle at a distance of 12-18 from skin
- vapocoolant sprays produce a counter- irritant stimulus to the cutaneous thermal afferent nerves that overlay the muscles
11
Q
Ultrasound
A
- common deep heating agent that transfers heat through conversion and elevates tissue temp to depth up to 5 cm. the modality uses high freq acoustic mechanical vibrations to produce thermal and nonthermal effects
- US has a freq above 20,000 hertz
12
Q
indications for ultrasound
A
- acute and post acute conditions
- calcium deposits
- chronic inflammation
- delayed soft tissue healing
- dermal ulcers
- joint contracture
- muscle spasm
- myofascial trigger points
- pain
- plantar warts
- scar tissue
- tissue regeneration
13
Q
contraindications for ultrasounds
A
- acute and post acute conditions
- areas of active bleeding
- areas of decr temp sensation
- areas of decr circulation
- deep vein thrombosis
- infection
- malignancy
- over breast implants
- over carotid sinus or cervical ganglia
- over epiphyseal areas in young children
- over eyes, heart and genitalia
- over methyl methacrylate cement or plastic
- over pelvic, lumbar or abdominal areas in pregnant women
- over a pacemaker
- thrombophlebitis
- vascular insufficiency
14
Q
Thermal effects of Ultrasound
A
- include acceleration of metabolic rate, modulation of pain, reduction of muscle spasm, decreased joint stiffness, alteration or nerve conduction velocity, incr circulation, and incr soft tissue extensibility
- the extent of the thermal effects is dependent on the intensity, durtaion, and freq selected
15
Q
Nonthermal effects of Ultrasound
A
- increased cell and skin membrane permeability, incr intracellular calcium levels, facilitation of tissue repair and promotion of normal cell function
- ## the nonthermal effects occur as a result of cavitation and acoustic microstreaming
16
Q
ultrasound intensity
A
- measures the quantity of energy delivered per unit area
17
Q
ultrasound FRequency
A
- is the primary detrminant in the depth of ultrasound penetration
- a freq setting of 1 MHz is used for deeper tissues while a setting of 3 MHz is used for more superficial tissues
18
Q
ultrasound duty cycle
A
- administered using a continuous or pulsed mode
- in cont, US intensity remains constant throughout the TX
- in pulsed mode, the US intensity is periodically interrupted
- the portion of TX time that US is generated during the entire TX is referred to as the duty cycle
19
Q
Continuous Ultrasound
A
- 100% duty cycle
- generates constant US waves producing thermal effects at higher intensities and nonthermal effects at lower intensities
20
Q
Pulsed Ultrasound
A
- with a duty cycle of 20% generates ultrasound 20% of the total treatment time (on time +off time)
- pulsed US results in a reduced avg hetaing of the tissues and is therefore used primarily for nonthermal effects
21
Q
US Duration
A
- an area two or three times the size of the transducer typically requires a duration of five minutes
22
Q
Advantages of US
A
- capable of reaching deeper tissues
- can produce thermal and nonthermal effects
- amount of energy delivered per unit area can be quantified
- covers small areas effectively
- short duration of TX
23
Q
Disadvantages of US
A
- may not maintain good contact on small or contoured areas causing uneven heating
- Pt may not tolerate direct contact with the US transducer
- Rate of tissue cooling is faster than other deep heating agents
