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PAE CA2 > modalities > Flashcards

modalities Flashcards

1
Q

Most to least resistant

A

Bone Cartilage Tendon Skin Muscles Blood Nerve
(becareful to see my black needle)

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2
Q

highest to lowest absorption in protein

A

bone cartilage tendon skin muscle nerve fat blood

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3
Q

lowest to highest in absorption in fluid

A

blood fat nerve muscles skim tendon cartilage bone

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4
Q

1.abilty to store electrical charges
2. unit

A
  1. capacitance
  2. farad
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5
Q
  1. intensity needed by the muscle to produce minimum muscle contraction
  2. N
A
  1. rheobase
  2. 2-18 mA or 5-35 V
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6
Q
  1. time needed by the muscle to produce minimum muscle contraction
  2. N
A
  1. Chronaxie
  2. <1 ms
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7
Q

1.automatic rise in the threshold of excitation d/t gradual increase in the intensity of stimulus
2. Law associated in this

A
  1. accommodation
  2. Dubois-Reymond’s Law
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8
Q
  1. POLAR FORMULA
  2. associated law
A
  1. CCC>ACC>AOC>COC
  2. Pleuger’s Law
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9
Q

Resting membrane potential
1. nn
2. ms
3. heart
4. GIT

A
  1. -70 mv
  2. -90 mv
  3. -88 mv
  4. -56 mv
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10
Q

main electrical properties of a nn.

A

a. electrical excitability
b. refractory period

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11
Q

impossible for the cell to send more action potentials

A

absolute period

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12
Q

supramaximal stimulus to stimulate

A

Relative period

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13
Q

indication for monoplar technique

A

innervated ms

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14
Q

indication for bipolar technique

A

innervated & denervated muscles

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15
Q
  1. <2000 hz
  2. indication
  3. examples
A
  1. low frequency current
  2. motor purposes
  3. ES FES TENS
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16
Q
  1. 1000-10000 Hz
  2. indication
    3, example
A
  1. Medium Frequency Current
  2. Sensory: for nerve and innervated
  3. TENS, IFC, RUSSIAN
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17
Q
  1. > 10000 Hz
  2. Indication
  3. example
A
  1. High Frequency Current
  2. Thermal
  3. Diathermy, US, UVR, IRR, LASER
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18
Q

no off time increase risk of burns

A

direct constant current

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19
Q
  1. transfer of drugs into the body via direct current
  2. associated law
  3. Dosimetry
A
  1. iontophoresis
  2. law of repulsion
  3. current intensity: 1-4 mA Tx time: 20-40 mins; 40-80 mAmin
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20
Q

Electrodes Reaction Anode
pH
Color
Burn
Polarity
NCV
Effect
Function

A

less acidic
pinkish hyperemia
less burn
hyper polarization
less NCV
Sclerotic (hardening)
Function: Healing and closure

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21
Q

Medications for anion cathode & indication

A
  1. NaCl Adhesion
  2. Salicylic Pain and Inflammation
  3. Acetic Acid Calcium Deposits
  4. Iodine Wounds and keloids
  5. Dexamethasone Anti inflammatory
  6. H20 Hyperhydrosis
22
Q

application of low frequency current via pulsed rectangular waveform through surface electrodes to reduce pain

A

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

23
Q
  1. a medium frequency current burst with a base frequency if 2500 hz and a burst of
    50hz
  2. Duty cycle
A
  1. Russian current
  2. ms strength: 1:5
    fatigue 5:1
    rom 2:5
    pump 1:1
24
Q

a medium frequency current beat when 2 or more AC are applied simultaneously

A

interferential current

25
Q

study of electrical activities of contracting ms which provides information concerning the structure and function of motor units

A

EMG Biofeedback

26
Q

4 criteria of EMG biofeedback

A
  1. good vision
  2. good comprehension and communication
  3. good motor control
  4. No sensory deficit
27
Q

Inital and progressive for relaxation of emg biofeedback

A

initial: close spaced & low sensitivity detection
progressive: wide spaced and high sensitivity

28
Q

Inital and progressive for strengthening of emg biofeedback

A

initial: wide spaced and high sensitivity
progressive: close spaced and low sensitivity

29
Q
  1. > 20000 Hz which uses reverse piezoelectric effect
  2. Crystals in the transducer head
  3. Factors affecting the depth of penetration
A
  1. Ultrasound
  2. Quarts, Molybdenum, Ceramic
  3. Frequency, Wavelength, Intensity, Mode
30
Q

progressive loss of acoustic power as distance travelled increase

A

attenuation

31
Q

factors affecting USD Absorption and penetration

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Beam Divergence
  3. Deflection
32
Q

Nearfield

A

convergence fresnel

33
Q

far field

A

divergence fraunhoffer

34
Q

bouncing of US wave

A

reflection

35
Q

bending of US wave

A

refraction

36
Q

scattering of US wave

A

Dispersion

37
Q

scattering of US wave

A

Dispersion

38
Q

Irregularities in US Intensity due to irregular shape of quarts crystal

A

Beam Non-Uniformity Ratio

39
Q

Effects of BUNR

A
  1. Decrease the USD effect
  2. Increase risk for burn
  3. Pain
40
Q

How to decrease BUNR

A
  1. Use appropriate intensity
  2. Move US Head constantly
41
Q

Type of pain felt in increase intensity in US.

42
Q

type of pain felt Insufficient coupling medium in US.

43
Q

type of pain in Defective US Machine

44
Q

Techniques used in USD

A
  1. Direct Contact
  2. Underwater/immersion technique
  3. Cushioned Technique
  4. Phonophoresis
45
Q

two types of shortwave diathermy

A
  1. Electrostatic field
  2. Electromagnetic field
46
Q

produces microwave diathermy

47
Q

Frequency and wavelength of MWD

A

2450 Mhz = 122.5 mm
415-4339 Mhz = 330mm

48
Q

Principles contributing to IRR intensity

A
  1. Wien’s Law
  2. Lambert Cosine Law
  3. Inverse Square Law
49
Q

Wavelength and temp inversely proporti

A

Wien’s Law

50
Q

Intensity and angle

A

Lambert Cosine Law

51
Q

Intensity and distance

A

Inverse Square Law

PAE CA2 (1 decks)

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