MODAL VERBS STUDY PROGRAM

Question 1

Introduction to modals
Do we use “s” after he, she or it ?
When we don’t use auxiliary verbs ?
How many models can we use in a sentence ?

Answer 1

no, we don’t use “s”
when we make a question or a negative
we only use one model at the time

Question 2

Past Modals
can becomes _______ in past ability, and we use it for ?
will becomes _______ in past willingness, and we use it for ?
what do we use would, could, sometimes might for ?

Answer 2

can becomes could and we use it for possibility
will becomes would in past willingness, and we use it for predictions and habits
we use would, could, sometimes might for:
. being polite and tentative
. hypothetical situations
. reported speech

Question 3

Modal Meanings

for what do we use “how likely”?

Answer 3

we use how likely for 
    . logical necessity
    . probability 
    . prediction 
    . possibility

Question 4

Modal Meanings

what are their social meanings ?

Answer 4

their social meanings are :
. permission
. obligation advice
. willingness

Question 5

Modals for Permission 
Asking for permission (present/future)
for what do we use "may"?
for what do we use "be allowed to"?
for what do we use "can/could"?
for what do we use them with future ?

Answer 5

may is used mostly used between children and adults it is not common .
be allowed to mostly used to talk about rules it is not common.
can/could is used to be polite it is most common .

Question 6

Modals for Permission
Talking about permission (rules and laws and permission already given)
how do we use it for future ?
how do we use it for past ?
. how do we use it for specific past ?
. how do we use it for general past ?
how do we use it for present ?

Answer 6

for future we will use :
     . will/won't be allowed to.
for past we will use : 
    .     specific past : couldn't/were/ was (not) allowed to 
    .     general past : could/couldn't /were/was (not) allowed to             
for present we will use : 
     . can/can't
     . mustn't
     . am /are /is (not) allowed to

Question 7

Modals for Permission
Hypothetical permission
how do we use it for future and present ?
how do we use it for past ?

Answer 7

for future and present we use: 
   . could/couldn't 
   . would (not) be allowed to 
for past we use: 
   . could have/ couldn't have 
   . would (not) have been    allowed to

Question 8

Modals for Permission
Giving or refusing permission
how do we use it ?

Answer 8

we use it :
. can/can’t
. may/may not
. must

Question 9

Modals of obligation and advice

how do we use it for present ?

Answer 9

for present we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : must/ have to / have got to
. no obligation : don’t/doesn’t have to/haven’t got to
. prohibition : mustn’t/ can’t
am/ is/are not allowed to

Question 10

Modals of obligation and advice

how do we use it for past ?

Answer 10

for past we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : had to
. no obligation : didn’t have to
. prohibition : couldn’t /was/ were not allowed to

Question 11

Modals of obligation and advice

how do we use it for future ?

Answer 11

for future we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : will have to/ must/ have to/ have got to
. no obligation : won’t have to/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to
. prohibition : won’t be allowed to/ mustn’t/ can’t

Question 12

Modals of obligation and advice

how do we use it for advice ?

Answer 12

for advice we use in three different ways :
. present/future : should (n’t) ought (n’t)
. strong advice/ recommended actions : must
. past : should (n’t)/ have/ ought (n’t) to have

Question 13

Modals of Volition
Hypothetical and tentative preferences
how do we use it ?

Answer 13

would + like/love/hate/prefer/dislike

Question 14

Modals of Volition 
willingness/ refusal 
what is it use in past ?
    . general willingness ?
    . specific willingness ? 
what is it use in present ?

Answer 14

for present we use : will/won’t
for general willingness we use : would / wouldn’t
for specific willingness we use : wouldn’t

Question 15

Modals of Volition
how do we use them for wishes and hopes ?
how do we use them for suggestions ?

Answer 15

for wishes and hopes we use : wish + would/ may/ hope + will
for suggestions we use :
can/might/could
can?/can’t?/could/couldn’t?/might?/shall?/should?/shouldn’t?

Question 16

Modals of Volition
how do we use them for promises and threats ?
how do we use them for offers ?

Answer 16

for promises and threats we use : will/ won’t

for offers we use : will?/won’t ?/must/ can?/could?/ shall?

Question 17

Modals of Volition
how do we use them for orders ?
how do we use them for requests ?

Answer 17

for orders we use : will/shall/must/can

for requests we use : will/won’t you/can/can’t you/would/wouldn’t you/could/couldn’t you

Question 18

Modals of Logical Necessity

how do we use them for present ?

Answer 18

for present we use : common with be + verb-ing
.should / shouldn’t
.have to / have got to
.doesn’t have to / hasn’t got to

Question 19

Modals of Logical Necessity

how do we use them for future ?

Answer 19

for future we use : often used with modal + be + verb-ing
.must/can’t
.should/shouldn’t

Question 20

Modals of Logical Necessity

how do we use them for past ?

Answer 20

for past we use : 
   . must have / can't have 
   . couldn't have 
could have with neg adverbs 
    . should have/ shouldn't have

Question 21

Modal of Probability

how do we use them for present/future probability = maybe ?

Answer 21

for future perf: 
   . could have 
   . might have 
   . might not have 
   . may have 
   . may not have 
for both ( present&future )
   . could 
   . may 
   . may not 
   . might 
   . might not  
   . may well 
for questions : could/ might 
with the formula: often used with modal + be + verb-ing 
 we use it for thing happening now and we avoid ambiguity

Question 22

Modal of Probability

how do we use them for (it didn’t happen) hypothetical possibility in the past ?

Answer 22

for hypothetical probability in the past we use : criticism
. could have
. might have
. might not have

Question 23

Modal of Probability

how do we use them for (I don’t know if it happened or not) past probability ?

Answer 23

for past probability we use : 
   . could have 
   . might have 
   . might not have 
   . may have 
   . may not have

Question 24

Modals of Ability

how do we use them for past ?

Answer 24

for general past we use them : 
   . could/couldn't 
   . was(n't)/were(n't) able to 
for specific ability we use them : 
    . couldn't
    . was(n't)/were(n't) able to
could if : neg adverb with only or just in subordinate clause with a perception verb 
   . must have/ can't have 
   . couldn't  have 
for unrealized past ability we use them : 
  . could have 
for criticism we use them : 
   . could have 
   . couldn't have + comparative

Question 25

Modals of Ability

how do we use them for present ?

Answer 25

for specific ability we use them : 
  . can/ can't be (not) able to 
for general ability we use them :
  . can/ can't be (not) able to 
  . common with play and speak 
  . inanimate objects: can/ can't

Question 26

Modals of Ability

how do we use them for future ?

Answer 26

for future we use :
. will/ won’t be able to
. can/ can’t after subordinate clauses of time

Question 27

Modals of Ability

how do we use them for hypothetical/conditional ?

Answer 27

for hypothetical/conditional we use :
. could/ couldn’t
. would (n’t) be able to

Question 28

Modals of Prediction
how do we use them for simple future fact ?
how do we use them for in progress in future ?

Answer 28

for simple future fact we use :
     . will/ won't
     . will/ won't + certainly/ probably
for progress in future we use them :
     . will/ won't be verb-ing (future continuous )

Question 29

Modals of Prediction

how do we use them for avoiding modal meaning of “will” ?

Answer 29

for avoiding modal meaning of “will” we use :

. will/ won’t be verb-ing (future continuous )

Question 30

Modals of Prediction

how do we use them for predict something will finish before a time in the future ?

Answer 30

for predict something will finish before a time in the future we use :
. will/ won’t + have + past participle (future perfect simple)

Question 31

Modals of Prediction

how do we use them for predict something will continue up to a time in the future ?

Answer 31

for predict something will continue up to a time in the future we use :
. will/ won’t + have + been + verb-ing (future perfect continuous)

Question 32

Other Modal Uses

how do we use them for characteristic behavior ?

Answer 32

for characteristic behavior in past we use :
. would/wouldn’t
. will/ won’t have + past participle
. could
for characteristic behavior in present we use :
. can
. will/ won’t

Question 33

Other Modal Uses

how do we use them for modals of concession (= although) ?

Answer 33

for modals of concession we use :
. may/ might (present)
. may/ might + have + past participle (past)

Question 34

Other Modal Uses

how do we use them for should/ would in subordinate clauses ?

Answer 34

for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (adjectives) :
. important
. necessary
. ridiculous
for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (nous) :
. reason
for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (verbs) :
. insist
. recommend