MODAL VERBS STUDY PROGRAM Flashcards
Introduction to modals
Do we use “s” after he, she or it ?
When we don’t use auxiliary verbs ?
How many models can we use in a sentence ?
no, we don’t use “s”
when we make a question or a negative
we only use one model at the time
Past Modals
can becomes _______ in past ability, and we use it for ?
will becomes _______ in past willingness, and we use it for ?
what do we use would, could, sometimes might for ?
can becomes could and we use it for possibility
will becomes would in past willingness, and we use it for predictions and habits
we use would, could, sometimes might for:
. being polite and tentative
. hypothetical situations
. reported speech
Modal Meanings
for what do we use “how likely”?
we use how likely for
. logical necessity
. probability
. prediction
. possibilityModal Meanings
what are their social meanings ?
their social meanings are :
. permission
. obligation advice
. willingness
Modals for Permission Asking for permission (present/future) for what do we use "may"? for what do we use "be allowed to"? for what do we use "can/could"? for what do we use them with future ?
may is used mostly used between children and adults it is not common .
be allowed to mostly used to talk about rules it is not common.
can/could is used to be polite it is most common .
Modals for Permission
Talking about permission (rules and laws and permission already given)
how do we use it for future ?
how do we use it for past ?
. how do we use it for specific past ?
. how do we use it for general past ?
how do we use it for present ?
for future we will use :
. will/won't be allowed to.
for past we will use :
. specific past : couldn't/were/ was (not) allowed to
. general past : could/couldn't /were/was (not) allowed to
for present we will use :
. can/can't
. mustn't
. am /are /is (not) allowed toModals for Permission
Hypothetical permission
how do we use it for future and present ?
how do we use it for past ?
for future and present we use: . could/couldn't . would (not) be allowed to for past we use: . could have/ couldn't have . would (not) have been allowed to
Modals for Permission
Giving or refusing permission
how do we use it ?
we use it :
. can/can’t
. may/may not
. must
Modals of obligation and advice
how do we use it for present ?
for present we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : must/ have to / have got to
. no obligation : don’t/doesn’t have to/haven’t got to
. prohibition : mustn’t/ can’t
am/ is/are not allowed to
Modals of obligation and advice
how do we use it for past ?
for past we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : had to
. no obligation : didn’t have to
. prohibition : couldn’t /was/ were not allowed to
Modals of obligation and advice
how do we use it for future ?
for future we use in three different ways :
. for obligation : will have to/ must/ have to/ have got to
. no obligation : won’t have to/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to
. prohibition : won’t be allowed to/ mustn’t/ can’t
Modals of obligation and advice
how do we use it for advice ?
for advice we use in three different ways :
. present/future : should (n’t) ought (n’t)
. strong advice/ recommended actions : must
. past : should (n’t)/ have/ ought (n’t) to have
Modals of Volition
Hypothetical and tentative preferences
how do we use it ?
would + like/love/hate/prefer/dislike
Modals of Volition
willingness/ refusal
what is it use in past ?
. general willingness ?
. specific willingness ?
what is it use in present ?for present we use : will/won’t
for general willingness we use : would / wouldn’t
for specific willingness we use : wouldn’t
Modals of Volition
how do we use them for wishes and hopes ?
how do we use them for suggestions ?
for wishes and hopes we use : wish + would/ may/ hope + will
for suggestions we use :
can/might/could
can?/can’t?/could/couldn’t?/might?/shall?/should?/shouldn’t?
Modals of Volition
how do we use them for promises and threats ?
how do we use them for offers ?
for promises and threats we use : will/ won’t
for offers we use : will?/won’t ?/must/ can?/could?/ shall?
Modals of Volition
how do we use them for orders ?
how do we use them for requests ?
for orders we use : will/shall/must/can
for requests we use : will/won’t you/can/can’t you/would/wouldn’t you/could/couldn’t you
Modals of Logical Necessity
how do we use them for present ?
for present we use : common with be + verb-ing
.should / shouldn’t
.have to / have got to
.doesn’t have to / hasn’t got to
Modals of Logical Necessity
how do we use them for future ?
for future we use : often used with modal + be + verb-ing
.must/can’t
.should/shouldn’t
Modals of Logical Necessity
how do we use them for past ?
for past we use :
. must have / can't have
. couldn't have
could have with neg adverbs
. should have/ shouldn't haveModal of Probability
how do we use them for present/future probability = maybe ?
for future perf: . could have . might have . might not have . may have . may not have for both ( present&future ) . could . may . may not . might . might not . may well for questions : could/ might with the formula: often used with modal + be + verb-ing we use it for thing happening now and we avoid ambiguity
Modal of Probability
how do we use them for (it didn’t happen) hypothetical possibility in the past ?
for hypothetical probability in the past we use : criticism
. could have
. might have
. might not have
Modal of Probability
how do we use them for (I don’t know if it happened or not) past probability ?
for past probability we use : . could have . might have . might not have . may have . may not have
Modals of Ability
how do we use them for past ?
for general past we use them :
. could/couldn't
. was(n't)/were(n't) able to
for specific ability we use them :
. couldn't
. was(n't)/were(n't) able to
could if : neg adverb with only or just in subordinate clause with a perception verb
. must have/ can't have
. couldn't have
for unrealized past ability we use them :
. could have
for criticism we use them :
. could have
. couldn't have + comparativeModals of Ability
how do we use them for present ?
for specific ability we use them : . can/ can't be (not) able to for general ability we use them : . can/ can't be (not) able to . common with play and speak . inanimate objects: can/ can't
Modals of Ability
how do we use them for future ?
for future we use :
. will/ won’t be able to
. can/ can’t after subordinate clauses of time
Modals of Ability
how do we use them for hypothetical/conditional ?
for hypothetical/conditional we use :
. could/ couldn’t
. would (n’t) be able to
Modals of Prediction
how do we use them for simple future fact ?
how do we use them for in progress in future ?
for simple future fact we use :
. will/ won't
. will/ won't + certainly/ probably
for progress in future we use them :
. will/ won't be verb-ing (future continuous )Modals of Prediction
how do we use them for avoiding modal meaning of “will” ?
for avoiding modal meaning of “will” we use :
. will/ won’t be verb-ing (future continuous )
Modals of Prediction
how do we use them for predict something will finish before a time in the future ?
for predict something will finish before a time in the future we use :
. will/ won’t + have + past participle (future perfect simple)
Modals of Prediction
how do we use them for predict something will continue up to a time in the future ?
for predict something will continue up to a time in the future we use :
. will/ won’t + have + been + verb-ing (future perfect continuous)
Other Modal Uses
how do we use them for characteristic behavior ?
for characteristic behavior in past we use :
. would/wouldn’t
. will/ won’t have + past participle
. could
for characteristic behavior in present we use :
. can
. will/ won’t
Other Modal Uses
how do we use them for modals of concession (= although) ?
for modals of concession we use :
. may/ might (present)
. may/ might + have + past participle (past)
Other Modal Uses
how do we use them for should/ would in subordinate clauses ?
for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (adjectives) :
. important
. necessary
. ridiculous
for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (nous) :
. reason
for we use for should/ would in subordinate clauses (verbs) :
. insist
. recommend
