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2H. Pharmacology > Mod6- Antiseizure Drugs > Flashcards

Mod6- Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drugs for the Tonic-clonic and partial seizures?

A
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
  • Phenytoin
  • Valproic Acid
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2
Q

Absence Seizure

A
  • Clonazepam
  • Ethosuximide
  • Valproic Acid
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3
Q

Myoclonic Seizures

A

Clonazepam

Lamotrigine

Valproic Acid

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4
Q

What are your Back-up and Adjuntive Drugs?

A
  • Falbamate
  • Gabapentin
  • Lamotrigine
  • Levetiracetam
  • Phenobarbital
  • Tiagabine
  • Topiramide
  • Vigabatrin
  • Zonisamide
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5
Q

Finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons

A

Seizures

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6
Q

What are your classification of seizure based on characteristics?

A
  • –simple or complex
  • –partial, generalized or partial with secondary generalization
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7
Q

What are your Partial seizures?

A
  • Simple partial seizures
  • Comlex partial seizures
  • Partial seizures secondary generalized
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8
Q

What are your generalized seizures?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal ) seizures
  • Absence ( petit ,al) seizures
  • Tonic seizures
  • Atonic seizures
  • Clonic and myoclonic seizures
  • infantile spasms

” Diba ang INFANTS kelangan ng G-A-T-A-S ( make C an S)

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9
Q

What is simple partial seizures?

A

–Consciousness is preserved
–Diverse manifestations determined by the region of cortex activated by the seizure

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10
Q

What is COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES?

A
  • Impaired consciousness lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes,
  • Often associated with purposeless movements such as lip smacking or hand wringing
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11
Q

What is GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES (GRAND MAL)?

A
  • –Loss of consciousness and sustained contractions (tonic) of muscles throughout the body
  • followed by periods of muscle contraction
  • alternating with periods of relaxation (clonic), typically lasting 1 to 2 minutes.
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12
Q

What is ABSENCE SEIZURES (PETIT MAL)?

A

–Impaired consciousness (often abrupt onset and brief)
–Automatisms, loss of postural tone, or enuresis (refers to a repeated inability to control urination)
–Begin in childhood and usually cease by age 20 yrs

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13
Q

What is Myoclonic Seizure?

A

Sudden, brief, shocklikecontractions of musculature (myo-clonicjerks) which may be restricted to part of one extremity or may be generalized

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14
Q

What is STATUS EPILEPTICUS?

A

–Series of seizures (usually tonic-clonic) without recovery of consciousness between attacks
–Life-threatening emergency

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15
Q

What are the similar drugs of Phenytoin?

A

FOSYPHENYTOIN,

MEPHENYTOIN,

ETHOTOIN

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16
Q

Phenytoin is what class of drug?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (hydantoin)

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17
Q

What is the MOA of Phenytoin?

A

It alters Na+, K+, and Ca2+ conductance, membrane potentials, and the concentrations of amino acids and the neurotransmitters nor-epinephrine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyricacid (GABA).

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18
Q

What is the clinical use of Phenytoin?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonicseizures (DOC),
  • Partial seizures (DOC),
  • Status epilepticus,
  • Arrhythmias(Group 1B action)
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19
Q

What are the toxicities of Phenytoin?

A
  • Nystagmus,
  • Diplopia,
  • ataxia,
  • Sedation,
  • Gingival Hyperplasia,
  • Hirsutism,
  • Anemias,
  • Peripheral neuropathy,
  • Osteoporosis,
  • Teratogen(fetal hydantoinsyndrome)
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20
Q

Phenytoin is a potent inducer of ______________

A

CYP450

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21
Q

What kinetic order does Phenytoin follows?

A

Follows zero-order kinetics at high doses

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22
Q

Is phenytoin Extensively protein bound?

A

YES

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23
Q

DESCRIBE FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME

A
  • Upturned nose
  • Mild midfacialhypoplasia
  • Long upper lip with thin vermilion border
  • Lower distal digital hypoplasia
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24
Q

Carbamazepine belongs to what class of drug?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (tricyclic)

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25
Q

What is the MOA of Carbamazepine?

A

**Blocks voltage-gated Na+channels **by slowing the rate of recovery of voltage-activated Na+ channels.

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26
Q

What is the clinical use of Phenobarbital?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonicseizures
  • , Partial seizures,
  • Status epilepticus,
  • Insomnia,
  • Hyperbilirubinemia
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27
Q

What are you Phenobarbital toxicities?

A
  • Extension of CNS depressant actions,
  • Tolerance,
  • Dependence liability (greaterthanbenzodiazepines),
  • Acuteintermittent porphyria
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28
Q

Phenobarbital is a potent inducer of?

A

CYP450

29
Q

What is the preferred antiseizure drug in children and pregnant women?

A

PHENOBARBITAL

30
Q

What are the similar drugs of ETHUSUXIMIDE?

A

SimilarDrugs
PHENSUXIMIDE

, METHSUXIMIDE

31
Q

Ethosuximide belongs to what class of drug?

A

Drug Class
Anticonvulsantdrug

(cyclic ureide)

32
Q

WHat is the MOA of Ethosuximide?

A

Decreases low threshold Ca2+currents (T-type) in thalamus

33
Q

What is the clinical use of Ethosuximide?

A

***Absence seizures (DOC)

34
Q

What are the toxicities of Ethosuximide?

A
  • Gastrointestinal distress, ****
  • Lethargy,
  • Headache,
  • Behavioral changes
35
Q

Diazepam of belongs to what class of drug?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (benzodiazepine)

36
Q

What is the MOA of DIAZEPAM?

A

Binds GABAA receptor subunits to increase frequencyof chloride channel opening; membrane hyperpolarization

37
Q

What are the clinical use of DIAZEPAM?

A

Status epilepticus***

38
Q

What are the toxicities of Diazepam?

A
  • Anterogradeamnesia,**********
  • Decreased psychomotor skills,
  • Unwanted daytime sedation, *************
    Respiratory depression,
  • Tolerance,
  • Dependence liability
39
Q

Clonazepam belong to what class of drugs?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (benzodiazepine)

40
Q

What is the MOA of Clonazepam?

A
  • Binds GABAAreceptor subunits to increase frequencyof chloride channel opening; membrane hyperpolarization
  • Same with diazepam
41
Q

What are the clinical use of Clonazepam?

A

Absence seizures,

Myoclonicseizures,

Infantile spasms

42
Q

What are the toxicities of clonazepam?

A

Anterogradeamnesia, Decreased psychomotor skills, Unwanted daytime sedation, Respiratory depression, Tolerance, Dependence liability

Same with DIAZEPAM

43
Q

What are the similar drugs of GABAPENTIN?

A

PREGABALIN

” remember gamit to ni tita raffy”

44
Q
A
45
Q

GABAPENTIN belongs to what class of drug?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (GABA derivative)

46
Q

What is the MOA of GABAPENTIN?

A

Blocks Ca2+channels on N-type channels (main)

.Increases GABA release.

Decrease in synaptic release of glutamate

47
Q

What are the Clinical use of GABAPENTIN?

A
  • Partial seizures (adjunct),
  • Neuropathicpain(postherpeticneuralgia), *** Remember Tita RAffy
  • Migraine ***
48
Q

What are the toxicities of Gabapentin?

A
  • Dizziness,
  • Sedation,
  • Ataxia,
  • Nystagmus,
  • Tremor (all are most common adverse effects)
49
Q

**Lamotrigine **belongs to what class of drugs?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (phenyltriazine)

50
Q

What is the MOA of Lamotrigine?

A

Blocks Na+and Ca2+channels, Decreases synaptic release of glutamate

51
Q

What is the clinical use of Lamotrigine?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonicseizures,
  • Partial seizures,
  • Myoclonicseizures,
  • Absence seizures,
  • Bipolar disorder
52
Q

What are the toxicities of Lamotrigine?

A
  • Dizziness,
  • Ataxia,
  • Nausea,
  • Rash,
  • Stevens-Johnson syndromev***
53
Q

To what class of drug does LEVETIRACETAM belongs?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (piracetam)

54
Q

What is the MOA of LEVETIRACETAM?

A

Selectivelybinds synaptic vesicular protein SV2AModifies synaptic release of glutamate and GABA.

55
Q
A
56
Q

What is the clinical use of LEvetiracetam?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonicseizures,
  • Partial seizures,
  • Juvenilemyoclonicepilepsy
57
Q

What are the toxicities of Levetiracetam?

A
  • Dizziness,
  • Sedation,
  • Weakness,
  • Irritability,
  • Hallucinations,
  • Psychosis
58
Q

TOPIRAMTE belongs to what class of drugs?

A

Anticonvulsantdrug (substituedmonosaccharide)

59
Q

What is the MOA of TOPIRAMTE?

A

Multiple actions on synaptic function, probably via actions on phosphorylation(Na, Ca, GABA, AMPA-glutamate, carbonic anhydrase)

60
Q

What are the clinical use of TOPIRAMATE?

A
  • Generalized tonic-clonicseizures,
  • Absence seizures,
  • Partial seizures,
  • Lennox-Gastautsyndrome,
  • West syndrome,
  • Migraine
61
Q

What are the toxicities of TOPIRAMATE?

A
  • Drowsiness,
  • Dizziness, Ataxia,
  • Psychomotor slowing, ***
  • Memory impairment,***
  • Paresthesias,
  • Weight loss,***
  • Acute myopia, ***
  • Glaucoma,***
  • Urolithiasis***
62
Q

BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

A
  • valproicacid (first-line for mania),
  • carbamazepine,
  • lamotrigine
63
Q

What is the DOC for TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

A

carbamazepine(DOC),

64
Q

What are the drugs use for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

A

carbamazepine(DOC), oxcarbazepine

65
Q

NEUROPATHIC PAIN (POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA)

A

–gabapentin, pregabalin

66
Q

MIGRAINE

A

–gabapentin, phenytoin, topiramate

67
Q

___________ refers to a disorder of brain function characterized by the periodic and unpredictable occurrence of seizures

A

Epilepsy

68
Q

__________________is the most widely e!ectivemode for the treatment of patients with epilepsy

A

Medication or vagalnerve stimulator therapy

2H. Pharmacology (17 decks)

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