Mod2-Obj4: Cell organelles and their function

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

1.) Cytosol 
Viscous fluid (water, dissolved nutrients)
2.) Organelles 
Cells machinery
3.) Chemical substances 
Stored nutrients

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

Network of rods running through cytosol
-Link structures provide mechanical support and shape
-Cellular movement
Act as the cell bones, muscles and ligaments

Question 3

Three types of rods in the cytoskeleton

Answer 3

1.) Microtubules
Maintain cell shape and allow intracellular transport
2.) Intermediate filaments
Resist pulling forces on cell
3.) Microfilaments
Provides movement, resists compression

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Found in all cells except RBC’s

• Control centre, provides instructions for protein synthesis
• Contains DNA (holds genetic information) and RNA
• Contains a nucleolus, the site of synthesis for ribosomes for transport

Question 5

Proteins in cells

Answer 5

1. ) Structural proteins
2. ) Hormones
3. ) Carriers
4. ) Channels
5. ) Receptors
6. ) Antibodies
7. ) Enzymes

Question 6

Protein synthesis

Answer 6

Sequence of amino acids determines the function of the protein
-Protein folds into a 3D structure that determines function

Question 7

Ribosome

Answer 7

Site of protein synthesis

• Exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore
• Attached to endoplasmic reticulum are involved in exporting proteins, to surface of plasma membrane or embedding them
• Those free in the cytoplasm are used in the cell

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 8

Membranous labyrinth that comes off the nucleus

• Presence of attached ribosomes
• Sends/packages proteins out of the cell (exports) to plasma membrane or out of the cell

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 9

Membranous labyrinth that comes off the nucleus

• No ribosomes
• Involved in lipid and cholesterol synthesis, which are important in maintaining the structure of the plasma membrane

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Membrane enclosed compartments

1. ) Receives vesicles from the ER, fuses with the golgi, causing the protein to be transported through
2. ) Modifies protein, into a functional protein
3. ) Secretory vesicle that came from the ER, moves through the golgi, and thus gets packaged into the vesicle and transports protein to where it’s needed

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

The powerhouse of the cell, in the form of ATP

• Contains outer mitochondrial membrane
• Inner matrix, breaks down fuel (enzymes)
• Glucose is converted to ATP, through aerobic respiration, production of ATP through O2
• Number of mitochondria, can determine its function

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Bag of hydrolytic enzymes, membrane bound organelles

• Breaks down contents via hydrolytic enzymes
• Buds off the golgi apparatus, proteins that aren’t needed are packages into a lysosome, enzymes gain access and breakdown contents
• Can be damaged organelles, macromolecules or bacterial cells
• Packages waste of cell