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BIO181 > MOD15 > Flashcards

MOD15 Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells

A

False

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2
Q

What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?

A

4

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3
Q

veins and venueles have valves in them but arteries and arterioles do not.

A

True

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4
Q

Blood move very rapidly in the capillaries

A

False

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5
Q

Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:

A

The Circulatory System

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6
Q

The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.

A

False

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7
Q

The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.

A

True

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8
Q

There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles by:

A

myoglobin

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9
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.

A

True

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10
Q

To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are:

A

valves

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11
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.

A

True

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12
Q

When oxygen passes from the lungs into the circulatory system as a gas, how many cells does it have to pass through to be in the circulatory system?

A

2

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13
Q

When the ventricles contract, blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.

A

True

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14
Q

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the ________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes _________ into the lungs.

A

Alveoli, surfactant

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15
Q

When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting

A

True

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16
Q

The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the _______ ________.

A

Sinoatrial node

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17
Q

When arterial blood pressure falls, the body compensates by raising the blood pressure. Explain this process.

A

When the blood pressure falls, the kidneys release renin. Renin activates angiotensin which causes the blood vessels to constrict. This raises the arterial pressure.

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18
Q

The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.

A

False

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19
Q

Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).

A

True

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20
Q

The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.

A

False

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21
Q

Once inside the circulatory system _________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

The left ventricle of the heart contains more muscle.

A

True

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23
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.

A

True

24
Q

In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries toward the cells.

A

True

25
Q

The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.

A

True

26
Q

The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.

A

True

27
Q

When you inhale, which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Diaphragm

28
Q

The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.

A

True

29
Q

Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.

A

True

30
Q

The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.

A

False

31
Q

The heart contains two circuits. Name them.

A

Pulmonary and systemic

32
Q

Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.

A

False

33
Q

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

Converts carbon dioxide into bicarbonate

34
Q

In mammals ventilation is tidal.

A

True

35
Q

The lungs are in the thoracic cavity but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?

A

Pleural cavity

36
Q

There are two factors that causes the release of oxygen from hemoglobin-list them.

A

Drop in pO2 (partial pressure) and drop in the pH (bohr effect)

37
Q

When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.

A

False

38
Q

Unlike other epithelia, the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.

A

True

39
Q

The bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.

A

True

40
Q

The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine

A

False

41
Q

Efferent arterioles enter the bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’s capsule.

A

False

42
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

A

True

43
Q

Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

A

True

44
Q

The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron

A

True

45
Q

Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.

A

False

46
Q

Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons.

A

True

47
Q

The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______ and this enters the ______ ______.

A

Ureter, urinary bladder

48
Q

Give an example of homeostasis in the kidney.

A

Blood Pressure

49
Q

The kidney controls the water balance in the body

A

True

50
Q

Urine leaves our body through the urethra.

A

True

51
Q

Toxins including urea (in mammals) is driven out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

A

True

52
Q

What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?

A

Kidney failure

53
Q

The kidney filters about 180 L of blood per day.

A

True

54
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids but not the toxic materials.

A

True

55
Q

The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.

A

True

56
Q

The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.

A

True

BIO181 (1 decks)

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