Mod I

Question 1

3 subdivisions of the nervous system

Answer 1

Central NS
Peripheral NS
Autonomic NS

Question 2

How do local anesthetics work

Answer 2

By blocking the sodium ion channels in the cell and preventing depolarization or stopping the nerve impulse

Question 3

What is the CNS made of

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination, hearing and vision

Answer 4

the cerebellum

Question 5

What does the brain stem consist of and control

Answer 5

Medulla, midbrain and pons
Responsible for autonomic NS functions

Question 6

Which part of the brain has control centers for BP, HR, respiration and digestion

Answer 6

Medulla

Question 7

PNS contains

Answer 7

Motor nerves- body movement
Sensory nerves- pain and stimuli

Question 8

2 components of the PNS

Answer 8

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 9

Important cranial nerve in OMS

Answer 9

5 Trigeminal

Question 10

What does the trigeminal nerve do

Answer 10

supplies sensation to teeth and jaws, muscles for chewing

Question 11

3 branches of trigeminal nerve

Answer 11

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 12

For procedures on the lower which nerves are anesthetized?

Answer 12

Lingual or inferior alveolar

Question 13

Function of the autonomic NS

Answer 13

Regulate the organs, maintains homeostasis

Question 14

branches of the Autonomic NS

Answer 14

Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight

Question 15

What chemical substance is associated with the sympathetic NS

Answer 15

norepinephrine, termed Adrenergic

Question 16

What chemical substance is associated with the parasympathetic NS

Answer 16

acetylcholine, termed cholingergic

Question 17

Receptors that regulate blood pressure in sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Also regulates BP with positional changes.

Answer 17

Baroreceptors

Question 18

Examples of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 18

Atropine, Robinul

Question 19

How is epinephrine injection used during cardiac arrest?

Answer 19

Increases sympathetic reaction by stimulating adrenergic receptors in order to re-establish cardiac rhythm

Question 20

The percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells + normal levels for male and female

Answer 20

Hematocrit

Female: 35-45%
Male: 42-52%

Question 21

Normal hemoglobin readings for male and female

Answer 21

Female: 12 to 16 g/100mL
Male: 14 to 18 g/100mL

Question 22

Anemia characteristics

Answer 22

-decreased hemoglobin concentration
-decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of their RBCs

Question 23

Does venous or arterial blood carry more oxygen?

Answer 23

arterial

Question 24

How much oxygen can each gram of hemoglobin carry?

Answer 24

1.34mL

Question 25

Oxygen capacity VS oxygen saturation

Answer 25

Oxygen capacity- the amount of oxygen a persons blood CAN carry depending on the amount of hemoglobin available
Oxygen saturation- the amount of oxygen a persons blood DOES carry compared to oxygen capacity

Question 26

Tidal Volume- how many CCs?

Answer 26

500cc, The total amount of air that a person inhales and exhales in one breath

Question 27

How many CCs of air is actually exchanged?

Answer 27

350cc

Question 28

What is the 150cc of air not used called and what is it used for?

Answer 28

Dead space. This air will be the “reserve” in case of an emergency -like during CPR

Question 29

Where is breathing controlled in the brain? and what is normal respiration rate?

Answer 29

Brainstem -> Medulla Oblongata
12-16 resp-per-min at rest