Mod I Flashcards
3 subdivisions of the nervous system
Central NS
Peripheral NS
Autonomic NS
How do local anesthetics work
By blocking the sodium ion channels in the cell and preventing depolarization or stopping the nerve impulse
What is the CNS made of
Brain and spinal cord
Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination, hearing and vision
the cerebellum
What does the brain stem consist of and control
Medulla, midbrain and pons
Responsible for autonomic NS functions
Which part of the brain has control centers for BP, HR, respiration and digestion
Medulla
PNS contains
Motor nerves- body movement
Sensory nerves- pain and stimuli
2 components of the PNS
Cranial and spinal nerves
Important cranial nerve in OMS
5 Trigeminal
What does the trigeminal nerve do
supplies sensation to teeth and jaws, muscles for chewing
3 branches of trigeminal nerve
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
For procedures on the lower which nerves are anesthetized?
Lingual or inferior alveolar
Function of the autonomic NS
Regulate the organs, maintains homeostasis
branches of the Autonomic NS
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic- fight or flight
What chemical substance is associated with the sympathetic NS
norepinephrine, termed Adrenergic
What chemical substance is associated with the parasympathetic NS
acetylcholine, termed cholingergic
Receptors that regulate blood pressure in sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Also regulates BP with positional changes.
Baroreceptors
Examples of anticholinergic drugs
Atropine, Robinul
How is epinephrine injection used during cardiac arrest?
Increases sympathetic reaction by stimulating adrenergic receptors in order to re-establish cardiac rhythm
The percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells + normal levels for male and female
Hematocrit
Female: 35-45%
Male: 42-52%
Normal hemoglobin readings for male and female
Female: 12 to 16 g/100mL
Male: 14 to 18 g/100mL
Anemia characteristics
-decreased hemoglobin concentration
-decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of their RBCs
Does venous or arterial blood carry more oxygen?
arterial
How much oxygen can each gram of hemoglobin carry?
1.34mL
Oxygen capacity VS oxygen saturation
Oxygen capacity- the amount of oxygen a persons blood CAN carry depending on the amount of hemoglobin available
Oxygen saturation- the amount of oxygen a persons blood DOES carry compared to oxygen capacity
Tidal Volume- how many CCs?
500cc, The total amount of air that a person inhales and exhales in one breath
How many CCs of air is actually exchanged?
350cc
What is the 150cc of air not used called and what is it used for?
Dead space. This air will be the “reserve” in case of an emergency -like during CPR
Where is breathing controlled in the brain? and what is normal respiration rate?
Brainstem -> Medulla Oblongata
12-16 resp-per-min at rest
